1892.] L. A. Waddell —Buddhist Pictorial Wheel of Life. 
147 
III. Mankind. The atmosphere of this region is colourless or 
blue. It shows the miseries and strife of hu- 
Mankind. • , n c 
man existence as well as some ot its pleasures. 
The following phases of life are depicted amongst others :— 
1st. Birth in a cottage. 
2nd. Children at play. 
3rd. Manhood, village scenes, people drinking wine under shade of 
a tree, a man playing a flute, women spinning and weaving, 
a borrower, two traders, a drunken man. 
4 th. Labour by sweat of brow, men tilling a field, gathering 
fuel in a forest, carrying a heavy load. 
5 th. Accident, a man and horse falling into a river. 
6th. Crime, two men fighting, one under trial before the judge, and 
one undergoing corporal punishment. 
7 th. Temporal Government : the king and his ministers. 
8th. Old age—decript old people. 
9th. Disease, a physician feeling pulse of a patient. 
10th. Death, a corpse with a lama feeling whether breath be 
extinct, and a lama at head doing worship, and a woman 
and other relatives weeping. 
1 1th. Funeral ceremonies. A corpse being carried off to the 
funeral pyre on the top of a hill preceded by a lama blow¬ 
ing a thigh-bone trumpet (JWangling) and rattling a damaru 
drum : he also has hold of the end of a white scarf which 
is affixed to the corpse. The object of this scarf is to guide 
the soul by the white path to the pyre so that it may be 
disposed of in the orthodox manner and have the best 
chance of a good re-birth, and may not stray and get 
caught by outside demons. Behind the corpse-bearer is a 
porter with food and drink offerings and last of all a 
mourning relative. 
12th. Religion is represented by a temple placed above all other 
habitations with a lama and monk performing worship ; 
and a hermit in his cell with bell dorje, and kangling; 
and a chhorten (chaitya) being circumambulated by a 
devotee. 
The most pessimistic view is taken of human existence. It is made 
to appear as almost unalloyed miserv—the 
Human miseries. ,. , J _ __ J . 
sensations ot ordinary heat and cold, thirst 
and hunger, depression of surfeiting with food, anxiety of the poor for 
their daily bread, of the farmer for his crops and cattle, unfulfilled desires, 
separation from relatives, subjection to temporal laws, infirmities of 
