150 
L. A. Waddell— Buddhist Pictorial Wheel of Life. [No. 3, 
Hot and cold Hells. 
The Hot Hells. 
ence to these last two localities occurs in the ordinary Litany for the 
dead which says ‘ may his chhu-wo-rak-med ocean become a small rivulet, 
and the shal-ma-ri tree a pag-sam shing or divine wish-granting tree.” 
Those who have sinned in anger are sent to the hot hells; while 
those who have sinned through stupidity go 
to the cold hells ; and each receive punish¬ 
ment appropriate to his misdeeds during life. The duration of stay 
in the cold hells is very much shorter than in the hot hells as the sin 
is of a more passive and venial kind. 
The hot hells are seen in the picture to to the left (of the specta¬ 
tor) and the cold hells to the right. The hot 
hells of the lamas bear names of apparently 
identical meaning with hells of the Southern Buddhists. The cold 
hells seem to be an invention of the lamas. 
J. The Hot Hells. These are enveloped by a wall of fire and 
many of the fearful scenes are fit to illustrate Dantes’ Inferno. The 
shinjes or executioners are hideous flame-enveloped monsters with heads 
of various animals, and all their pincers and other instruments of 
torture are red-hot. The following are the hot hells. 
1 . Yang so* (Skt. Samjiva ) = ‘ again revived.’ Here the bodies are 
cut and torn to pieces and then reunited, only to have the process repeat¬ 
ed ad infinitum throughout the period spent in hell. This restoration 
of the body is an essential part of the process in all the hells. The 
body when thoroughly mangled is restored and the racking torture ap¬ 
plied afresh, so that the agony never ceases. 
2 . Thi-nagf (Skt. Kdlasutra) = i black lines.’ Here the bodies are 
nailed down and 8 or 16 black lines drawn aloug the body which is 
then sawn asunder along these lines by a burning hot saw. Another 
punishment here is the especial one of the slanderer or gossiper who has 
his or her tongue enlarged and pegged out and constantly harrowed 
by spikes ploughing through it. 
3. Du-jomX (Skt. Samgliata) = ‘ concentrated oppression.’ Here 
bodies are squeezed between animal headed mountains, or monster iron 
books, this last is an especial punishment for monks, laymen and infidels 
who have disregarded or profaned the scriptures, and also for priests 
who have taken money for masses which they have not performed. 
Others here are pounded in iron mortars and beaten on anvils. 
4. Ngu-bod§ (Skt. Baurava) — ‘ weeping and screaming.’ The 
torture here is to be kept in glowing white iron houses and have melted 
iron poured down the throat. 
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