1892.] L. A Waddell —Buddhist Pictorial Wheel of Life. 
151 
The Cold Hells. 
5. Ngu hod chhenpo (Skt. Mahdraurava) = i greater weeping and 
screaming.’ Here they are cooked in cauldrons of molten iron. 
6 . Tshawa # (Skt. Tdpanai) — ‘ heat.’ The body is cast upon and 
transfixed by flaming iron spikes in a fiery chamber. 
7. Bah tu tshawa (Skt. Pratapana ) = ‘ highest heat.’ A three spiked 
burning spear is thrust into body, and the latter is then rolled up within 
red-hot iron plates. 
8 . Nar-med\ (Skt. Avichi — 1 endless torture.’ This is the most 
severe and longest punishment. The body is perpetually kept in flames 
though never consumed. This is the hell for those infidels and others 
who have injured or attempted to injure Lamaism or Buddhism. 
II. The Cold Hells are encircled by icy mountains and have 
attendants of appalling aspect, as in the hot 
hells. 
1. Chhu-hur chen (Skt. Arhuda) = ‘ blistered or chapped.’ The 
torture here is constant immersion of the naked body in icy cold water, 
under which the body becomes covered with chilblains. 
2. Chhu-hur dolwa tSkt. Nirarhuda ).J The chilblains are forcibly 
cut and torn open producing raw sores. 
3. A-chhu (Skt. Atata) = ‘ Achhu ’ an exclamation of anguish beyond 
articulate expression—which resounds though this hell. 
4. Kyi -hiid (Skt. Hahava). A worse degree of cold in which the 
tongue is paralysed and the exclamation Kyi-hii or Ha-ha alone possible. 
5. So-tham-pa (Skt. Ahaha). Here both jaws and teeth are spas¬ 
modically clenched through cold. 
6 . Tit-pal tar ge-pa (Skt. Utpald).§ Livid sores which become 
everted like blue Ut-pal flowers. 
7. Pema tar ge-pa (Skt. Padma). The raw sores become like red 
lotus flowers. 
8 . Pema Chhenpo tar ge-pa (Skt. Pundariha) . Raw sores where the 
flesh falls away from the bones like the petals of the great red lotus ; and 
which are continually pecked and gnawed by birds and insects with 
iron beaks. 
It is a redeeming feature of the Buddhist hell that its torment is 
not everlasting. After the sins which have 
^ or ” been committed in the previous existence are 
expiated—which may require a period ranging 
from a year, or two, to thousands of years, the soul is reborn in another 
world, usually the human. This result is due to the merit of good works 
done in a former existence. The lamas explain it by saying that it is 
Duration of 
ment in hell. 
