182 
H. G. Raverty— The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [No. 3, 
how comes it that the ‘ k ’ in Hakra is changed into ‘gr’? The name 
Sagarali (or Shagarali in some MSS.) is as old as the time when Al- 
Mas’udi wrote, as will appear farther on. 7? * 
He also says that u the Satlej when it abandoned the western 
Naiwal [Na’e Wall, the eastern and western, are names of old channels 
in which, in ancient times, the Sutlaj flowed] entered the valley of the 
Biyas. * * * At this time [the siege of Hchclih. in 643 H.] therefore, 
took place the first junction between the rivers, and their combined 
streams were henceforth known as the Beyah.” What is the difference ? 
and what name may it have previously borne if it was only henceforth 
called the “ Beyah ” ? 
This, however, is nothing less than a contradiction on the writer’s 
part of his own previous and succeeding statements. He must have 
meant to say, or ought to have said, that, after their junction, whenever 
and wherever that might have happened, they lost their respective 
names, and were henceforth called Hariari, Nili, or Gharah; and, in 
any case, the Sutlaj never entered the valley of the Biah, nor did 
the Biah enter the valley of the Sutlaj, because the tracts through 
which the Biah flows after leaving the hills, and a goodly por¬ 
tion of which I have myself traversed, and that through which the 
united streams now flow, is perfectly flat from their point of junction. 
The right or western bank of the old bed of the Biah, like that of 
other rivers of this part, is much the highest, and forms the eastern 
side of the great central plateau separating the valley in which it flowed 
from the valley of the Rawi, and forms the greater part of the Ganjf 
Bar, described in the account of the two rivers farther on ; and beyond 
this high bank the Biah could not possibly pass, unless it had risen 
some forty feet to do so. The old bed of the latter river lies some 
thirty miles on the average farther west than the united stream, the 
Hariari, Nili, or Gharah. The Sutlaj and Biah met half way, so to speak, 
both leaving their old beds, and formed a new one for a short distance, 
but they soon separated, and did not unite again until low down in the 
south-west part of the Multan district, as will be described in its proper 
“ Personal Narrative” says, that “ the Bhatee borderers substitute a guttural hh in 
place of s, as “bukhtee” for “ busteeo for a [for ‘ ah” as a final letter, as in 
Sind] ; and sh for s,” etc. Tod, on the other hand (as in the extract above, which 
is really from him), says the natives of these parts cannot pronounce the sibilant, 
so that ‘ s ’ is commuted into ‘ b’.” 
72 S'agar is the Sanskrit for ‘ocean,’ ‘sea/ etc., and it is still known as the 
Sind-Sagar near the sea coast. Tod calls it the “ Sankra,” which is another form 
of the name ; and it is called the Sankrah in the treaty entered into by Nadir Shah, 
and Muhammad Shah, Badshah of Dihlf, when ceding all the territory west of it to 
the Persians. The substance of that treaty is given farther on. 
