199 
1892.] H. G. Raverfcy— The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. 
place, it appears as the extra y of course, being added by some 
one else to make it suit the “ Brahman ” theory. Where the extra I came 
from in the first word it is hard to say ; but, as both Rashid-ud-Din, 
When Sultan Mnhammad-i-Sabuk-Tigm in 417 H. (1026 A. D.), marched against 
Som-natli by way of Jasal-mir and Naliar-Walah, he, on his return, took another 
route from thence towards Multan by way of Mansuriyah and the banks of the Jihun 
[of Sind—the Hakra or Wahindah], and expelled its Karamitah ruler. See farther 
on. What with the aridity of the desert near the coast, and the annoyances of 
the Jats of Multan and Bhatiah on the side of Jihun [i e., the “ great river ” — 
the Mihran of Sind] and other afflictions, a great number of his troops perished, 
as likewise did the greater part of the cattle of his army.” The “ Tabakat- 
i-Nasiri,” the earliest work written after the Gardaizi and the Baihaki wrote, sa}’s 
he was purposely misled by a Hindu guide into this waterless desert part, which 
refers to the ran or marsh of Ku ch h. (See note 128) But from all that is said, it 
appears that the country through which his route lay, for part of the way at least 
towards Jasal-mir, had only recently become waterless ; and it is between,this period 
and the return of Ohhotah, Amarani, as related by the Sayyid, Sadr ’All Shah, that 
Bahman-nih, Bahman-no, or Bahman-abad was destroyed by some convulsion 
of nature, or other calamity. 
Mansuriyah can scarcely have escaped ; yet, from the way in which it is subse¬ 
quently mentioned, there is very great doubt whether it was much injured, and it was 
certainly not wholly destroyed at the same time. One proof of this is, that Ibn Haukal 
visited it in 350 H. (961 A. D.), and that when Ahmad-i-Nial-Tigin, the governor on the 
part of the Ghaznin Sultan of the conquered territory immediately east of the Indus— 
the present Panj-ab and part of Sind—rebelled in 425 H. (1033-34 A. D.), and had 
to fly, he made towards Mansuriyah. At first he defeated a body of troops sent 
against him by Sultan Mas’ud, who then despatched another and larger force, under 
Tilak, the Hindu, son of a barber, and commander of the Hindu troops in the Muham¬ 
madan service Tilak overthrew Ahmad-i-Nial-Tigm on several occasions; and was 
in the habit of mutilating such of the rebel’s followers as fell into his hands, whether 
soldiery, or merchants and traders, by cutting off their noses and hands. At last 
Ahmad-i-Nial-Tigm had to fly from the Lalior province, Tilak having by money 
tampered with his Turk-man troops, and made for Mansuriyah of Sind, with two 
hundred followers, and endeavoured there to cross the Mihran of Sind—the Hakra or 
Wahindah and its tributaries - but it so happened, that, at that time, the river had 
risen considerably, and all the Jats and Hindus around were in pursuit. No time 
was to be lost, and in his attempt to cross he was carried away by the current and 
drowned. His body having been swept along for a short distance, was washed into 
an inlet or creek or side, channel (see farther on for a description of these 
inlets), and brought to land, where it was recognized by his followers. The head 
was cut off and sent to Balkh where Sultan Mas’ud then was. This is differently 
related in the Baihaki, but the Gardaizi is much more circumstantial. 
The “ Tabakat-i-Nasiri” states, that, in 623 H. (1226 A. D.), about the time that 
its author was at LTchchh, “a body of the Khalj tribe of Turks, part of the forces of 
the Khwarazmi Sultan, after the downfall of his power west of the Indus, retiring 
before the Muglials, appeared on the north-west frontier of Sultan Nasir-ud-Dfn, 
Kaba-jak’s territory of Sind, and acquired supremacy over the 'arz —territory—of 
