203 
H. G. Raverty —The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. [No. 3, 
[Bust?], Ghaznin or Ghaznih, [which may be Dar gh un. Zara’un, 
or Daza’un—its whereabouts or what the correct word may be, I will 
not venture to speculate on ; one copy has instead, and an addi¬ 
tional word ], ar-Rukhaj. and the territory of Dawar [^la—also 
and ], which is the frontier of Sijis-stan. Another of the five 
rivers comes from Kasb-mir, which is also part of the country of 
Sind [!].” 
“The territory of Budah [ 8^?], 117 Malik of Kinnauj, extends to 
must refer to —Bust—on the Hflrnand; and if so, shows that mighty 
changes have taken place in this direction since the Mas’udi wrote. All the rivers 
of the parts here referred to, now flow south-westwards, and empty themselves into 
tho lake of Zarang, The only streams that come from anything like the direction of 
Ghaznin and Bust are the Gumul and its tributaries, and the streams from the 
direction of Kalat-i-Nicharah, hut the latter rise some two hundred miles south-east 
of Bust on tho Hilmand. It will bo noticed how many rivers are said to go to form 
the Mihran, which do not refer to the other rivers of the Punch Nad or Panj Ab. 
I have elsewhere mentioned, that, in former times, the Ab-i-Sind must have been 
joined by some considerable tributaries from the westwards ; and, from my geo¬ 
graphical inquiries, it is evident to me, that the river of Kurma’li {vul. “ Kurram ”), 
and its tributary tho Gambilali, which still unites with it, formerly sent a greater 
volume of water into tho Ab-i-Sind than at present. It is said, that, previous to the 
time of Amir Timur’s invasion of Hind, in 801 II. (1398 A. D.), the country around 
Laka’i of tho Mar-wats was a vast lake. Lower down again the united waters of the 
river of the Jzioba’h and the Gumul used, likewise, to contribute a considerable body 
of water to the main stream in ancient times ; and, doubtless, minor streams, now 
changed and dried up or diverted, used to contribute their waters, as well as the 
rivers lower down, from the southern Afghanistan by Siwi, the course of one of 
which was changed by an earthquake in Akbar Badshah’s time, as well as other 
tributaries from the Baluchistan, which united with the Ab-i-Sind when it, or a 
branch of it, flowed westwards from near Rujan, as explained in the account of that 
river further on. I believe that a considerable river flowed through what now con¬ 
stitutes the Bolan defile or pass, respecting -which I have more to say presently. 
In Vol. II of his “ Archoelogical Reports,” page 27, Cunningham, strange to say, 
“identifies” Ptolemy’s “ Sabbana” as “the modern town of Zhobi, at the junction 
of the Zhobi and Gonial rivers. The Saparnis would therefore be the Zhobi river, 
or perhaps the Gonial itself.” 
The only difficulty would be where to find this “ modern town of Zhobi.” By 
“ Zhobi,” I suppose he refers to the river of the Jzoba’li or Jzioba’h Dara’h in the 
Afghanistan, but such a town as Zhobi does not, and never did, exist. See also pages 
26 and 32 of the same “ Report.” 
117 I ought to notice here, that, although the ’Arab writers mention the name of 
Mihran, and sometimes, Mihran Rud, as if the Ab-i-Sind, above and immediately 
below, Multan, was so called ; yet they did not mean it to be so understood, as here 
shown, and as subsequently confirmed. They referred to what went to form the 
Mihran of Sind, which consisted of all the rivers from the Ab-i-Sind to the Ohitang. 
After all had united they obtained the name of “ Mihran of Sind,” and this name it 
