214 H. G. Raverty— The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [No. 3, 
Qhand Rud P—this is a different word from above mentioned] or 
Samand Rud [ djj ] is also a great river, and a sweet, on whose 
banks stands the city [shalir] of Jand [or Chand ?]. It unites with the 
Mihrdn Bud below the Sind Bud , towards the territory of Mansuriyah.” 138 
We have here, therefore, three large rivers. The first is the 
Sindhu, Ab-i-Sind, or Indus ; the second the Biah and its then tribu¬ 
taries, the Bihat, 139 the Chin-ab, and the Rawah or Rawi, which, in those 
days, passed north-east and afterwards east of Multan, and united with 
the Biah, some twenty-eight miles to the southward of the last named 
city, forming the Panch Nad or Panj A'b of the geographers ; and the 
third river is the Hakra, Wahindah, or Sind-Sagar, and of which, 
at the period in question, the Sutlaj, was a tributary, as were likewise 
the Ghag-ghar, the Sursuti, and the Chitang. 
I now turn to Ibn Haukal, who states, that, “ Basmid is a small 
city [ shahrhi] , and it, and Multan, and Chandwar [in another copy 
—Qhand-awar] are placed on the east side of the Rud of Multan. 
From each place to the bank of the river will be one farsang. Basmid 
138 This is the Samand of the Istakhari in the only copy available, but the Kazwi- 
ni, who quotes him copiously, says, that the Istakhari calls it the Samandur, con¬ 
sequently part of the word has been left out in the copy of the Istakhari quoted. 
See page 51. 
It will be noticed from this important statement, that the old ’Arab map hei’e 
given (and likewise as shown in the map to Ibn Haukal’s work) does not quite agree 
with the writer’s description. But two rivers are indicated, the Mihran Rud and 
the Sind Rud, and, that between what appears as or near their junction, 
down as far as and but a single river is indicated; while farther 
east, a line, with five towns on it, runs down to, and includes above noticed, 
and that one of these five is Basmid, and another, Anari, two days’ journey from 
Basmid. The description says, that the Sind Rud [the Rud-i-Sind wa Hind—the 
Biah and its tributaries] unite with the Mihran Rud [the Sindhu or Ab-i-Sind] 
above Basmid, which is three days’ journey below Multan and three days’ journey 
above Aror ; and that the walls of Basmid rise on either side cf the Mihran. Fur¬ 
ther, that the Samand Rud [the Hakra and its tributaries] unites with the other 
two still lower down towards Mansuriyah, at a place known as Dosh-i-Ab. I have 
not interfered with the ’Arab map, but I have indicated what is meant from the 
description, which agrees with other old writers, at the right hand side of that 
map. 
139 There appears to have been another river besides the Bihat, Chinab, Rawi, 
and Biah, and I have seen somewhere what tributary of one of these four it was, 
which formed the fifth, but I cannot recall it to mind. Neither the Sindhu or Ab-i- 
Sind, nor the Shuttladr, were included among the Panch Nad or Panj Ab, or Five 
Rivers ; and to this day, the people dwelling near the junction of the other rivers, 
including the Sutlaj, after the junction, style the united stream the “ Sapt Nad ” or 
“ Sat Nad”—the “ Saptah Siudawah” of the Hindu legends—or Seven Rivers. 
