224 
H. G. Raverty— The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. [No. 4, 
Al-Idrisi, >vlio wrote about 545 H. (1150-51 A. D.), nearly a 
century before the investment of Lfqbchli by the Mughals, says, that 
“ Sand-ur 169 [for Ohand-ur or Jand-ur ? ‘s’ is interchan gable with, and 
often substituted for 1 ch ’ and 1 j ’ by foreigners] is situated three days’ 
journey south of Multan, which is famous for its trade, wealth, and 
extravagance of its inhabitants. It is said to form part of Hind [he 
afterwards mentions it among other places belonging to Hind], and is 
situated on the banks of a river which falls into the Mihran above Samaid 
[Basmid of others]. 170 Going from Multan towards the north there is a 
desert tract which extends as far as the eastern boundary of Tubaran. 171 
From Multan, as far as the neighbourhood of Mansuriyah, the country 
is held by a warlike race called Nudah ( or Nfidiyah, as the Sindis write 
it], consisting of a number of tribes scattered about between Tubaran 
and Mukran, Multan and Mansuriyah, like the Barbar nomads. These 
Nudalis [Nudiyalis] have peculiar dwellings, and marshy places in which 
they take shelter, if necessary, to the west of the Mihran. They 
possess a fine breed of camels, particularly a sort called harah, like the 
camel of Balkli [the Bakhti camel], which has two humps, and is held 
in great esteem in Khurasan, and other parts of fran. 172 * # # 
The place chiefly frequented by the Niidahs [or Nudiyahs] for purposes 
of trade and other matters is Kanda’il.” 
Al-Tdrisi also says respecting Debal, that it is a populous place, but 
not fertile, and is inhabited merely because it is a harbour for the vessels 
of Sind and other parts. “ Going west,” he says, “ from the mouth 
of the great Mihran [the principal or eastern branch] Debal is six mil 
[miles] distant. From Debal to Nirun, also on the west of the Mihran, 
is three days’ journey. 173 Nirun is about midway between Debal and 
169 This name occurs in an old map which I shall give farther on between Rurhi 
and Multan, and it would therefore seem that it was known in the early part of the 
last century ; and, from its position therein, appears to have been situated some¬ 
where about Nohar, or Islam-ICot of the present day, near the banks of the Hakra, 
or farther north. It seems to be identical with the town or city of Jand or Oband 
mentioned ante, at pages 213-14. 
170 See ante page 216. 
1 71 This appears to refer to the southern parts of the great, elevated plateaus 
extending from a few miles east of the Indus to the high left bank of the Biah, 
and through which the rivers forming the Panj Ab, or Panch Nad, now cut their 
way, and which from what is known as the that or tctr-i-Chin&o west of the Ohin-ab, 
and bar and dhaiya east of it. These elevated plateaus represent three distinct 
geological periods apparently, respecting which more will be found in the notice of 
the rivers farther on. 
172 See ante page 217, where Ibn Haukal says much the same, and note 146. 
173 The position of Nirun is plainly shown in the old maps of the Masalik wa 
Mamalik and Ibn Haukal, as well as from the description of its whereabouts in those 
