242 H. G. Raverty —The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [No. 4, 
but the last name cannot be correct, because it is mentioned previously 
been fought on that spot. The smaller balls might have been nsed in a sling, but 
the larger ones would have recpiired some engine like the balista to propel them.” 
To return, however, to the subject of Jai Senha. Not liking apparently, to 
be shut up in Bahman-abad, he had retired to Oliani-sar [Tibbah-i- Ch ani-sar. See 
farther on.], but he had previously selected and appointed sixteen of the chiefs of the 
place to the charge of the gates, to guard them as leaders of the troops. Four 
gates are mentioned, but the names of five are given ; namely, the Jaritari, which 
may be that of the citadel, as the others are numbered, and 1. Bharand or Bharind ; 
2. Satiya; 3, Manorah ; and 4. Salah. On Monday, 1st Rajab, 93 H. (April, 711 A. D. 
[This cannot be correct, as Dahir was only killed two months and ten days after that 
date.], Muhammad intrenched his position, and prepared to attack Bahman-abad, 
which was said to contain 40,000 fighting men. Fighting went on continually, until 
six months had passed away [the hot season included], and Muhammad and his 
forces were become dispirited and almost hopeless of taking the place. At length on 
Monday, the end of Zi-Hijjah, the last month of the year [17th October, 711 A. D.] 
news of Jai Senha was obtained. He had returned from the country of Ramal, which 
is called Bhatiah, and had begun to infest the roads and harass the Musalmans by 
causing a scarcity of forage and food. On this Muhammad had to send to Mokah, 
the Bishayah, to ask him what had best be done, and he advised the despatch of 
forces to drive Jai Senha away. This was done, and Jai Senha, who appears unable 
to relieve Bahman-abad, sent his family and effects by way of the registan, or sandy 
desert, [the tributaries of the Hakra coming from the eastward, from the side of 
Poh-karn and Jasal-mir, as elsewhere stated, had at this time ceased to be perennial 
streams and did not reach it, hence that part had become a desert,] to a place called 
Jangan, and to ’Ura or ’Orah, and Kaba [Khabo ?J in the territory of Ohutrur ; and, 
at last, retired into the territory of Kash-mir. 
Jai Senha having retired to Cffitrur, no hope remained of being relieved and 
the investment raised ; and the principal merchants and traders,—who always fear 
for their money bags, and their own interests—under the plea, that without leaders 
to lead the troops, those who could have done so, having been killed, it was impos¬ 
sible to hold out longer, deputed four of their number to enter into communication 
with the Musalman commander. The up-shot was, it was agreed, that a sally 
should be made from the Jaritari gate by partizans of theirs, under pretence of 
fighting, and that, on the appearance of the ’Arabs they should take to flight, and 
leave the gate open for them to enter ; and thus was it treacherously betrayed to 
them. As soon as they got inside, and appeared upon the walls, the garrison (or as 
many as could) endeavoured to escape by the eastern gate, which of the four 
is not named. About 6,000 fighting men were killed; some say 16,000, but this 
seems to refer to those who had perished during the investment, and not to 
those killed when the place was taken. At this place Rani Ladi, one of Dahir’s 
wives, was made captive, whom Muhammad afterwards purchased, and then entered 
into matrimony with her. 
After this success, Muhammad wrote an account of the proceedings to Amir 
Hajjaj, in which he says, that he had written his report at a place on the higher part 
of the Jalwali Ju’e (canal or minor channel). Before leaving Bahman-abad, and 
moving northwards, he settled the government of southern Sind. He placed Nubah 
[already mentioned as having been placed in charge of Dhaliyah], son of Daharau, 
