2IG H. G. Raverty —The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [No. 4, 
side, who fled in disorder to regain the shelter of their walls. After 
Kiram that it was an ancient fortress on the frontier of that country. It states, 
that Ra’e Sahasi remitted the taxes of his people on the condition that they should 
increase the height of six fortresses: namely, Relichh, Mathilah, Siw-ra’i or Siw- 
rahi, Ma’u or Ma’uh, Aror or Alor, and Siw-istan.” See my “ Notes on Afghan¬ 
istan,” etc. page 567. 
Rchchh was several times destroyed and repaired, from the time of Sultan 
Jalal-nd-Din, the Kh warazm Shah, to the time of the Ar gh un dynasty of Sind. Ibn 
Batutah says, in his time, Rchchh was “a large city on the Sind,” and that “ Multan 
was then the principal city of Sind.” 
Elliot also speculates on “the other ancient Rchh [sic], now in ruins,”—jnst 
as the other has been for a long time—“near the junction of the Hydaspes with the 
Acesines.” Here again he takes it for granted that the present junction has always 
remained the same; but in 801 H. (1398—99 A. D.) we know that it was twenty-six 
miles lower down than at present, and that it was continually altering ; that, before 
that again, it was many miles higher up ; and in the last century was near CThhau- 
tarah. See farther on. 
With respect to the name of Rchchh, there are no less than three places so 
called, still existing, and all of some antiquity.—1. R chch h which is forty-seven miles 
north of Shikar-pur, and twenty-seven to the northwards of Khan Garh, now Jacob- 
abad. It is in Kachchh or Ka chch hi—a common term for an alluvial tract, not 
peculiar to this part any more than to Ka chch h Bhuj—and is simply known as R chch h. 
It is not far from the Sind Hollow, in which the Ab-i-Sind or Indus, or a branch 
of it, once flowed, as shown in the account of that river farther on. 2. Rchchh-i- 
Gul Imam, a strong fort in the last century, but now in a state of rnin, twenty-one 
miles north-north-west of Shor Kot, and about eleven miles south-west of the late 
junction of the Bihat [Hydaspes] and the Chjn-ab [Acesines]. I say late, because 
it has probably altered considerably since the Survey map I refer to was made a few 
years since. This is the “ Uch” which Elliot (vol. 1, p. 367) considers “ as offering 
a far more probable identification,” and is seventy-two miles to the northward of 
Multan. 3. Rchchh-i-Jalali, or R'chchh-i-Sharif, formerly, that is to say within the 
last century or thereabouts, consisting of seven small contiguous villages, or rather 
quarters, enclosed within one wall Now it consists of three rather large villages 
on mounds, contiguous to each other, and connected by a wall of brick, which lately 
was in a dilapidated state. These villages or towns stand on high, artificial mounds, 
the neighbourhood having been at all times liable to be swept away by the Ab-i- 
Sind or Indus, as related in another place. The western-most of the villages is 
small, bub contains a celebrated shrine, within a large and handsome old Muham¬ 
madan building, sadly out of repair. This is known as Pir ka R chch h or Rchchh-i- 
Makhdum, and the houses have sprung up around it. It is said to have been called 
VValh-har in ancient times, before the Makhdum in question took up his dwelling 
there. The eastern-most of the villages is the largest, but there are no walls now 
standing, the ruins of the gateways, however, can still be seen. Some little trade is 
carried on with Sind in grain, which is sent down the river in boats. In the neigh¬ 
bourhood are very extensive ruins of the ancient stronghold, embosomed in dense 
groves of date trees and venerable pipals. Many of the buildings are almost entire, 
and could easily be made habitable. They are constructed in the best style of 
Muhammadan architecture of kiln-burnt bricks. 
