258 
H. G. Raverty— The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries . [No. 4, 
Yahya, of the family of Barmak, was Amir of Sind in the time of the 
Khalifah, Al-Mamun [198-218 H.—813-833 A. D.], but he died in 
221 H. (836 A. D.) ; and the Khalifah, Al-Mu’tasim B’illah, confirmed 
his son, ’Amran, in the government of the province. * * * He made 
war upon the Meds ( and slew 3,000 of them ; and there [in their 
country] constructed a band or embankment, which is called Sikr 201 -u.l- 
Med, after which he encamped on the Nalir of Aror or Aro.” Why this 
band was constructed is not mentioned. This affair happened, of course, 
near the sea coast of Kachchh, because ’Amran caused a canal to be dug 
from the sea to the reservoir or tank of the Meds, and spoiled all their 
fresh water. This Aro or Ado or Aror refers to the place, the name of 
which is written jj\, jjjj, jjj I, t, and the like, by Bu-Rihan, and which 
I believe to the “ Addo ” of the maps, the “ Addooe ” of Dr. J. Burnes, 
and, correctly, Adhoi, 202 by which, indeed, a nalir or small river runs, 
some sixty miles east of Bhuj. In the.’Arabic character this name 
would be and in that character j, and j, in manuscripts especially, 
if carelessly copied, are very liable to be written and mistaken one for 
the other. What satisfies me that the coast above referred to is meant 
is, that Muhammad, son of Kasim, is said by the Balazari, to have 
entered into an accommodation with the people of Surast, with whom 
the men of Aw*, Ax 'to, Aub or <X>oj, 205 were then at war, who are 
Meds, sea-faring men and pirates'. Of course Surast refers to Surath, 
the Saurashtrah of the Hindus—the Kathiawar peninsular lying nearest 
to Sind, and or AAJly etc., to the place which Elliot reads as “ Bana,” 
“ Tana,” “ Bania,” “ Basia,” and the like, which, as may be seen from 
the “ Masalik wa Mamalik ” map lies between Pahmal and Mausu- 
riyah. 
This is all I find in the Balazari in which the rivers of these parts 
are anywhere mentioned. 
I must now leave Sind 204 and return to the territory of the Panj-ab 
again. 
into the descendants of the Afghan Nuh (Noah). There are still other places also 
called “ Kandhar.” See ante note 105, page 196, and note 114, page 207. 
201 Sikr—— in ’Arabic means an embankment, but not “ safer.” The em- 
bankment may have been erected by the ’Arabs in order the better to approach the 
stronghold of the Meds. 
202 It is in the Morbi district of Kathiawar, which compi’ises the sub-districts 
or dependencies of Morbi, Wagar, and Adhoi. 
203 See ante page 216, and note 145, and page 221, and note 163. 
204 J may mention that the Khalifah conferred the territory of Sind, as well 
as other parts, upon Ya’kub, son of Lais, the Suffari, of Sigiz-stan, in 257 H. (870-71 
A. D.) ; and that Sultan Mahmud, of Gliazuin took Mansuriyah in 417 11.(1026-27 
