298 H. Gr. Raverty —The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
Af gh ans. The Sind contains a whitish deposit, and looks milky in con¬ 
sequence ; while the other, from its great clearness and purity, is very 
blue, and therefore the Tajzik people of these parts call it the Nil A'b, 
or Blue River, or Blue Water. At different points it is called the Atak 
and Nil Ab indiscriminately. * * * Near U'che_hh 290 it unites with the 
Panj Ab, or Panch Nad, or Five Hi vers; and towards the bandar (port) 
of Lahri it unites with the ocean.” 
The Sindhu, or Ab-i-Sind, which we call Indus, lias, in the lapse 
of ages, changed its course very considerably, though not so much 
the Casnirrian [Kash-mfrian] Mountains, part of Caucasus, it empties itself into the 
Ocean at two great Ostiums. * * * The Rivers Bohat [Bihat], Ravore [Rawi] 
Damiadee [See the old map, p. 297], Obclian, Woihy or Ilydaspes, Ascines, Copliis 
Adris, etc., all fall into it.” See pages 207, and 229, and note 175. 
Mandelsloe, who was in India in 1639, says : “ The Persians and Indosthans 
themselves, having given the name of Pangah [Panj-Ab], i. e., Five Waters, to the 
River Indus, because it is joyn’d with so many Rivers before it exonerates itself 
into the Sea. The first is the River Bugal, or Begal [in other places he has Nibal— 
the Nil-ab], whose source is near Kabul; the second is call Chanab, which rises in 
the Province Quesmir, or Cossimer, fifteen days’ journey to the North, above Labor, 
The third is that of Ravy, or Ravee, which rises not far from Labor, and runs by it 
The two others, viz ., the Rivers Via [Biah] and Osuid [Hakra ?] have their sources 
at a vast distance, their co7ifluence being near Balcar [this is an important statement], 
which lies at an equal distance between Lahor and the Sea. Some Authors havo 
confounded this river with that of Liul [ Debal ], and placed it 24 degrees on this 
side the Line. # # # The Province of Tatta is a congeries of many Islands made by 
the same River. # # * The Province of Attack is seated upon the River Nibal 
(which falls into the Indus) and is by it divided from the Province of Haca Chan, or 
Hanji Chan [the Dera’h-jat of the present day]. # # * The city of Lahor is seated 
on the River Ravy, one of those that with four more joins its Waters with the 
Indus.” The Jihlam he does not mention. 
Thevenot, who was in India in 1636, says : “ The Moguls have given that Pro¬ 
vince [ Lahor] the name of Pangeab, which signifies the five Rivers, because five run 
in the territory of it These Rivers have received so many particular names from 
the Moderns that have spoken of them, that at present it is hard to distinguish them 
one from another ; nay, and most part of these names are confounded, though Pliny 
distinguished them by the names of Acelines, Copliis, Hydarphes, Zaradras, and 
Hispalis. Some Moderns call them Behat, Canab [Ohin-ab], Find [Sind], Ravy, 
Van [Biah] ; and others give them other Appellations, which are not the names of 
[*. e., in use in] the Country, or at least, which are not given them, but in some 
places of it they run through. However, all these Rivers have their Sources in the 
Mountains of the North, and make up the Indus, that for a long way, goes by the 
name of Sinde, into which they fall ; and that’s the reason why this River is some¬ 
times called Indy, and sometimes Sindy.” 
290 See page 296. Abu-1-Fazl also says “near Lf chch h.” He likewise says 
that the rivers of the Panj-ab are six, and include the Ab-i-Sind, which is not 
correct. 
