1892.] H. G. Raverty —The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. 305 
towards the kohistan, bounding it on the west and north he means], it 
flows on towards Multan.” Now from this it is quite clear that none 
of the five rivers constituting the Panch Nad, or Panj Xb can be meant 
or referred to here, because the “ Mihran Rud,” or Xb-i-Sind, 30 * which 
he is describing, only united with the other great river into which the 
Panch Nad, or Panj Xb fell, three days’ journey, or seventy-one miles as 
the crow flies, to the southward of Multan [that was, near I/chqhh, but, 
it must be remembered, that Uchqhh is never mentioned by these 
old writers by that name], consequently these tributaries were quite 
distinct from the Panqh Nad, or Panj Ab, and united with the “ Mihran 
Rud ” or Xb-i-Sind, to the northwards , and rather above Multan . 30B 
This is further confirmed by the statement of Al-Mas’udi (page 
207), that, “the fourth river of the five which go to form the Mihrdn 
Rud 306 comes from the boundary or frontier of Sind towards, or in the 
direction of, Bust, Ghaznin, [?], Ar-Rukhaj, and the terri¬ 
tory of Dawar; and another of these five rivers [the tributaries] comes 
from Kash-mir.” This, superficially regarded, might seem to refer to the 
Bihat or Jihlam, which does come out of Kash-mir, but then again, the 
Mas’udi refers to a river which had entered and become part of the 
“ Mihran Rud,” or Xb-i-Sind, before it united with the Panch Nad , or 
Panj Ab, of which the Bihat was one. 307 
304 See note 117, for what is meant by “ Mihran Rud,” and the difference 
between that name and the “ Mihran of Sind.” 
Strabo says, in his Fifteenth Book, that it is stated that there are, altogether, 
fifteen considerable rivers which flow into the Indus. Arrian says the same, who 
takes the number from Megasthenes : Pliny says there are nineteen. Of course, the 
united rivers refer to the “ Great Mihran,” or “ Mihran of Sind.” 
305 In the same way that the five rivers constituting the Panch Nad, or Panj 
Ab, which these Hindi and Persian names signify, the junction of the whole into 
one stream is known to this day, in the Muzaffar Garh district and vicinity, as the 
“ Sath Nad,” or Seven Rivers ; while after the junction of the Rawi with the Chin¬ 
ch and Bihat, farther up, the united waters are known locally as the Trim Ab,” or 
Three Rivers. 
306 Because in the Turkish language mur-dn means a river, Tod, in his “ Raja¬ 
s’ than ” (Yol. I, page 19), supposed that Mihrdn is one and the same word. He 
says: “the ‘sweet river,’ the Meeta Muran [Hindi and Turkish together!], a 
Sythic or Tartar name for river, and by which alone the Indus is known from the 
Panj Nud to the ocean.” 
To “ Panj Nud,” he adds a note, that they “ are the confluent arms or source 
of the Indus ” ! 
307 From all this it is clear, that the “tributaries” which go to form the 
« Mihran Rud,” Ab-i-Sind, or Indus, refer to rivers uniting with it on either side 
above the parallel of Multan. There are several of these, but some may have 
been scarcely worthy of the name of river3 in those remote days, or, since that 
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