306 H. G. Raverty —The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
Al-Iatakhari also says (page 211) : u The river of Sind , which is 
called the Mihrdn of Sind, is said to issue from a mountain range in which 
time, may have changed considerably; while others may have been more im¬ 
portant then than they are at present. I will mention these rivers in rotation. 
First: the Haru from the mountain tract of Malach, bounding Kash-roir on the 
east, with a course of some sixty miles, which unites with the Indus on the east 
near the ancient town of Nil-Ab below Atak. Second: the Kaghzi, or river of 
Kohat, on the west, with a course of about ninety-five miles. Third : the Sfi-han, 
rising in the kohistdn of Gharal, with a course of about one hundred and twenty- 
four miles, broad and rapid ; and though not more than knee-deep in the cold season, 
is, in the time of inundation, quite impassable. It enters the Indus on the east side, 
between Makhhad and Kala Bagli. Fourth: the Kurma’h ( vul . “ Kurrara ”) from 
the west, with several important affluents. It has a course of over ninety miles, but 
its feeders which go to form it, rise still farther to the west. The Kurma’h rises in 
the mountain range so called, the particulars respecting which will be found in my 
“Notes on Afghanistan,” page 78. Near its junction with the Indus it is joined 
by two considerable tributaries. This is still an important river, and from proofs 
remaining, and from what tradition asserts, it was, in former times, a great river. 
This, I conceive to be, without doubt, one of the five tributaries referred to. Fifth : 
the Gumul, which rises on the east slopes of the great western range of the 
Koh-i-Siyah, orTorGhar, separating the Afghanistan from Zabul-istan—the Ghaznin 
territory under the Turkish sovereigns, including Kandahar. A few miles west of 
the great eastern range of the same Koli-i-Siyah, or Tor Ghar, it receives from the 
south-west the river of the Jziob or Jziobah Darah (vul. “ Zhob ”), and farther west 
again, the Kwandar river, flowing through the Darah of that name. All these under 
the name of Gumul now scarcely reach the Indus except in time of flood, but tradi¬ 
tion relates that it was, as it must have been, in by-gone times, a river of considerable 
magnitude. It has a course of about one hundred and eighty miles ; while the river 
of the Jziob and Kwandar Darahs have, respectively, courses of about one hundred 
and twenty-five, and sixty-five miles. The Gumul must at one time have sent 
a great volume of water into the Indus, and is, undoubtedly, one of the “ tribu¬ 
taries” referred to by the old ’Arab writers. These are the principal rivers above 
the parallel of Multan; but there are others, and important ones, lower down, 
which must be noticed here. Sixth: the Kaha river, or rather, the river of the 
Kaha Darah, which takes its rise in the slopes of the south face of the great range 
of Mihtar Suliman, or Koh-i-Siyah, which, after a course of between eighty-five and 
ninety miles, enters the Derah-jat near Harand, where the waters are drawn off for 
purposes of irrigation. This river, with its feeders, which come from still farther 
west, is the most considerable of south-east Afghanistan, and appears in ancient times 
to have been a perennial stream, and to have contributed a considerable body of 
water to the Indus. Seventh : the river of the Suri Darah, which rises in the same 
range, and has a course of some eighty miles. It drains the Shum plain, but its 
waters now seldom reach the Indus. It would have entered it between Kin Kot 
and Bujan near where the Indus bent west and flowed in the “ Sind Hollow.” 
Eighth : the Nan, which rises among the southern slopes of the same great moun¬ 
tain range north of Siwi of the Parni Afghans, which it passes on the west. Lower 
down, it receives the waters of the Bolan river, once much more considerable than 
ac present, and the Lahri river from the east, passes Bliag, also called Bhag-i-Nari on 
