308 H. G. Raverfcy—The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
of the junction of the river of Kabul and its tributaries with it, seeing 
that, until comparatively modern times, the tracts through which they 
flow have been scarcely known to ourselves. The Istakhari immediately 
after also mentions the “ other great river, the Sind Rud,” distinct from 
the “ Mihran Rud,” or Ab-i-Sind, which former, he says, “ is three days’ 
journey or stages [that is, lower down stream] from Multan,” and adds, 
that “ the waters of the Sind Rud [the Rud *i-Hind wo Sind ” of the 
Masalik wa Mamalik] are sweet and pleasant, even before its junction 
with the Mihran.” 
Ibn Haukal also mentions (page 216), the junction of the “ Mihran 
Rud ” with the Sind Rud and the Jand or Qhand Rud. He subse¬ 
quently refers (page 218), separately to the Sind Rud uniting with 
the “ Mihran Rud ” three days’ journey from Multan, that is below or 
to the southwards of Multan. 
Bearing these important facts in mind respecting the tributaries 
received by the “ Mihran Rud” or Ab-i-Sind before it reached down as 
far southwards as Multan, we find, that up to or about the time that 
Sultan Nasir-ud-Din, Kaba-jah, ruled over the territories of Multan 
and Sind, from about the parallel of Kin or Kin Kot, and between it 
and Kashmur where there is a depression westwards, 303 the “ Mihran 
Rud ” or Ab-i-Sind, made a more sudden bend towards the west than 
in more recent times. At the present day, one of its old channels, which 
is broad and winds considerably, can be traced westwards from near 
Kashmur. It passes Yaru, Kumbri, Kand Kot of the Parni Af gh ans, 
and Ghaus-pur (of Sind: a different place from that mentioned at 
Istakhari, who says, “ Mukran is mostly desert waste, and contains bnt few rivers. 
Their waters run into the Mihran [of Sind] on either side of Mansuriyah [the 
territory dependent on],” and through which that river flowed. 
We may consequently assume that “ the five rivers which went to form ” the 
Mihran Rud or Ab-i-Sind (not the “ Mihran of Sind.” See note 117, page 208), 
according to the Mas’udi, were :—1. The River of Kabul, the Landaey Sin of 
the Afghans ; 2. The Haru ; 3. The Sii-han; 4. The river of Kurma’h (vul. 
‘ Kurram”); and 5. The Gumul with its tributaries. We may rest assured that the 
Nari could not possibly have formed one of the five, because it could not have united 
with the Mihran Rud, or Ab-i-Sind, before it reached Multan, which all are said to 
have done. 
As recently, however, as Akbar Badshah’s reign, we know that the course of 
the Nari river was changed by an earthquake, and to such like convulsions of 
nature all the tracts around are constantly liable, and were often subject. 
That the River of Kabul is included among the five rivers of Al-Mas’udi there 
can be little doubt, and particularly since, at this day, after the junction of all the 
rivers now forming the Ab-i-Sind, or Indus, the united stream is locally called the 
Sath Nad, or Seven Rivers. See note 305, page 305. 
503 See note 293, page 300. 
