]892,"J H, G. Raverty —The MiJirdn of Sind and ifs Tributaries, 327 
tlie more liilly tracts, and reaching more open country, another consider¬ 
able river from the direction of Punch joins it. After this junction, and 
from this, subject, despatched a body of troops against him, on which the Sumrahs 
fled from Sind into Ka ohoh h. and songht the assistance of the Sammahs, who, 
through the same Dudah’s tyranny, had fled from Sind and found refuge and a home 
there, and had prospered greatly. They took up the cause of the Sumrahs, but the 
confederates were overthrown by the Sultan’s troops; and the Sumrahs were so 
completely broken, that not one of their tribe was left powerful enough to rule in 
Lar or Lower Sind, the territory subsequently known as Thathah from its capital 
of that name. From this period Lar or Lower Sind, again became tributary to the 
Dihli sovereigns. 
The facts, however, which have been somewhat obscured and confused, are, that 
the Sumrah chief and ruler, A mar, turned into ’Umar by the Musalman writers, and 
the same who gave name to Amar-Kot, son of Ra’i Dudah above mentioned, was a 
great tyrant and oppressor. Among other bad acts, he carried off the wife of an 
’Arab chief, ’Umar, the Tammimi, the same tribe which, in former times, had been 
all-powerful in Sind. ’Umar proceeded to the presence of Sultan ’Ala-ud-Dm, the 
IChalj Turk, Sultan of Dihli, who summoned Amar, Sumrah, to appear before him. 
He, fearing the consequences if he did not go, went, and was cast into prison, 
where he languished for a considerable time ; and he only regained his liberty through 
the intercession of powerful friends, and the payment of a heavy fine. This happen¬ 
ed about 705 H. (1305-6 A. D.). 
In the meantime, the Sammahs remaining in Sind had been prospering, and 
gaining influence and some power, and had got possession of most of the territory of 
Lar; but, when the feudatory of Multan and U choh h, Ghazi Malik, afterwards 
Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din, Tuglilnk Shah, in the year 720 H. (1320 A. D.), marched to 
Dihli to oust the Parwayi usurper from the throne, Amar, Sumrah, seized the 
opportunity and repossessed himself of the territory of Lar, and died after a reign 
so called, including the time of his imprisonment, of thirty-five years. On this, 
another Sumrah, named Bhungar, succeeded, who held possession for another ten 
years, when another, named Hamir (called Armil and Abra by some) succeeded 
him. Whether these were sons or brothers of Amar is not stated, but the final over¬ 
throw of the Sumrahs was close at hand. 
During the captivity of Amar, Sumrah, a number of the Sammahs had returned 
from Kachchh and joined the others in Lar; and the tyranny and oppression of 
Hamir, Sumrah, becoming unbearable, the Sammahs set up a man, among those 
who had come back from Kachchh, named Unar, distinguished for his intelligence and 
exemplary conduct, who seized Hamir, the Sumrah, and put him to death. He 
received the title of Jam from his tribe, “ which is a title of respectability among 
these people.” This was in 738 H. (began 29th July, 1337 A. D.). 
During the time the Sammahs had been subject to the Sumrahs, they had 
founded a town and a fort on the skirts of the Makkahlx hills, the first being named 
Samu’i, also called Sa’i by some few writers, and the other Thakur-abad—the Chief’s 
abode or place of residence, the foundations of which had been laid by their then 
Thakfir—for by this Hindfi title, as well as Ra’i and Rana, although converts to 
Islam, they appear at different times to have been styled—but it had been left 
unfinished, probably because the Sumrahs would not permit them to finish it. This 
they now completed, and also founded a number of other towns and villages. This 
