330 H. G. Raverty —The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
is its proper name. In the Rash-miri language the river is known as 
Bedasta (ULmXjj) ; and as in the Panj-ab territory ‘ w ’ ( j) is used for 
is reinstated in the government of Thathah and its territory, where he reigns in 
peace for fifteen years more. The writer gives not a single date until he comes 
to the thirteenth of the Jams in 858 H. (145-1 A. D.) 
Now if we turn to his account of the reigns of the Dihli sovereigns, which he 
gives in much greater detail in another part of his work, we shall not find a word 
respecting the Jams in ’Ala-ud-Din’s reign, hut there is in the account of Sultan 
Muhammad Shah’s, and in Sultan Firuz’s, in the notice of which latter reign he 
states, that it was against Jam Kh air-ud-Din that that Sultan came, and that he and 
his family were carried off to Dihli where he died, and that the Sultan sent his son 
Ch unah (Junan?) back to rule in Thathah, but no such name as that of the son is 
to be found in his account of the Jams. There, he says, that Jam was released by 
Sultan Firuz Shah, who sent him back to Sind, and that his brother, Jam Tamachi, 
succeeded him. 
Thus it will be seen, that Mir Ma’sum makes one and the same Khair-ud-Din 
and his father, Tamachi, to be carried into captivity both by Sultan ’Ala-ud-Din, and 
by Sultan Firuz Shah, between the death of the first of which, and the latter’s 
reduction of Thathah, is a period of fifty-six years ! In another part of his work 
he also says, that Jam son of Khair-ud-Din, was carried off by Firuz Shah, 
and that his brother, Tamachi, was sent back. He has made one Jam Tamachi into 
two persons, and “ made confusion worse confounded.” 
One of the greatest errors, probably, in the history of Sind, and respecting the 
foundation of Thathah, although no date for the latter is given, is contained in the 
extract from the Tarikh-i-Tahiri contained in Elliot, Yol. 1, pp. 273-75. It is, that 
Jam Nanda founded Thathah ; and immediately after says he was living in 912 H. 
(1506-7 A. D.), and that he reigned seventy-three years. On the other hand, Mir 
Ma’sum says, that he came to the Masnad in 866 H. (1461-62 A. D.) in one MS., and 
in another, in 896 H. (1490-91 A. D.), and reigned forty-eight years. If we take 
the first date as correct, it brings us to 914 H. (1508-9 A. D.). Thus, according to 
the Tarikh-i-Tahiri, as in the extract noticed, Thathah was only founded a few years 
before Shah Beg Khan’s first invasion of Sind, and fifteen before the final downfall 
of the Jams ; but we know it was invested in 752 H., and surrendered to Sultan 
Firuz Shah in 773 H. The Tarikh-i-Tahiri has confounded Junan, probably, with 
Nandah, between whom is a period of nearly two centuries intervening, the first 
mentioned being the second of the Jams, and Nandah the fifteenth. 
Mirza Tsa, the Tar-khan Mughal (for the origin of which term see my “TabakSt- 
-Nasiri,” page 942), who succeeded Mirza Shah Husain, the Arghun Mughal, in 
Sind, became involved in hostilities with Sultan Mahmud Kh an, the feudatory of the 
Bakhar province, in 962 H. (1554-55 A. D.). In the fourth month of 963 H. (March, 
1556 A. D.), Mirza ’Tsa appeared before Bakhar ; and, during his absence from 
Thathah, a body of Farangis (Portuguese), whom he had sent for from Gowah 
(vul . “ Goa ”) to assist him, reached it. On a Friday, when the people of Thathah 
were all assembled in the Jami’ Masjid, the Farangis entered the city, surrounded 
the Masjid, and set fire to the city on all sides. They then sacked it, slaying a 
great number of the inhabitants, and making many captive, besides which, a great 
number were burnt to death. Before they retired, having poured a darn (com- 
