839 
1892.] H. Gr. Raverty— The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. 
“ The jSar-i-Ohin-ao or Ohin-ab Bar differs altogether from the 
others, and consists of that strip of sterile waste locally called uthar 
(Ml) i. e., ‘ highland ’ or ‘upland,’ which separates the belt of land along 
the river’s bank subject to inundation, locally known as hethdr ( i. <?., 
‘ lowland ’ or ‘ at the foot of,’ 333 and which Ohin-ab Bar or uthar separates 
the hhddar or bet or sail-obi lands along the river from the high flats or 
plateaux of the other Bars. This Chin-ab Bar extends from the 
territory of Tarar upwards, down to the junction of the Chin-ab with 
the A'b-i-Sind or Indus, a distance of over two hundred huroh , with a 
breadth of from four to seven huroh more or less, lying along both 
banks of the Ohin-ab. 
“ In going from Shah-Zadah to Jalal-pur-i-Ohaddharan on the 
Chin-ab, two huroh south from the banks of the river, and three huroh 
after passing Bangar, the Sandal Bar terminates in that direction, and 
the Granji Bar begins.” 
These bars differ from the tract on the Sind-Sagar side, locally 
known as the Thai , and the Ohul-i-Jalali by historians, 3311 in this respect, 
that it is covered with sand-hills, some of considerable elevation, and 
the bars are not. 
The boundaries of these elevated tracts or bars are generally the 
banks of old channels of-the rivers. Thus the Sandal Bar on two sides 
Any one would imagine that in these days of “ Imperial Gazetteers,” when 
every petty place almost has one all to itself, an effort would have been made to 
write the names correctly as they are written by the inhabitants, or, at least, have 
produced one uniform mode, but “ red tape ” appears to have prevented it. The 
upshot is, that in one Gazetteer the names are written one way, in another, in a 
different manner, and as to the maps, each map has a mode of its own, and different 
from the Gazetteers ! 
833 Hindi uth —‘ high,’ ‘ raised,’ ‘ over-topping,’ etc., from which comes 
— uthar —‘ upland,’ and the like, and — heth —‘ low,’ down,’ ‘ nether,’ etc., 
from which is derived hethdr —‘ lowland,’ etc. 
First comes the tract nearest the river banks, the ‘ lowland’ or hethdr, under 
the influence of the yearly inundations, after which there is a strip or belt irrigated 
by means of wells, beyond which again comes the upland or uthar , the Ohin-ab 
Bar of the Survey record above quoted, the banjar of other localities, and beyond 
which floods never rise, in which are depressions here and there, then sandy tracts 
with occasional sand hills, until the rise or ridge of the bar is reached. There 
being no rain except on rare occasions, and water for irrigation purposes distant, 
and no wells at all farther than the verge of the bar , the few villages hereabouts 
are badly off for that necessary element. At times, when rain does fall, the water 
pours down from the sides of the Sandal Bar , and this the people endeavour to 
utilize by conducting it into their lands. 
884 gee my “ Notes on Afghanistan.” etc., page 338. 
