362 H. G. Raverty— The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
Fath-pur, it runs a little over eiglit miles to the westwards of Farid- 
abad, and nearly five west of Sayyid-Walah ; and about seven miles or 
thereabouts north-west of the first-named place, the Deg river runs in 
its channel. Hereabouts the bank is not so well defined, but, about 
four miles and a half west of Ghugherah, it becomes well defined again, 
and approaches within a mile and a half of Kot Kamaliah* 60 on the 
860 Cunningham (Ancient India, page 22fi) “identifies” this place, as “the 
first city captured by Alexander on his march from the junction of the Hydaspes 
(Jhilam) and the Akesines (Chenab),” but he does not tell us where the junction 
then was ; and he also suggests a connection between the name Kamalia and the 
Malli. He also provides a place for “ Harapa ” [Hurappah] as “ most probably, 
the city against which Perdikkas was detached because of the mention of marshes,” 
but there are, or were, plenty of marshes round about, and near Multan, and also 
near Shor Kot, and scores of other places. In the time of Saltan Bahram Shah of 
Ghaznin, Muhammad Balilim, the governor of these parts—the Panj-ab—having' 
rebelled, the Sultan marched against him in 512 H. (1118-19 A.D.) and defeated him 
on the confines of Multan, “the Almighty having rewarded Muhammad Bahlim for 
his base ingratitude, and he, and his ten (some say two) sons, together with their 
horses and arms, on the day of the battle, sank in a morass, so that no trace of him 
and them remained.” It does not follow, however, that Hurappah was the place. 
With regard to Karnaliah, or Kot Kamalfah, I may mention that tcamdl is not 
Greek, but an ’Arabic word, and that the name of this place is derived from the 
Mnsalman name of its founder, Kamal-ud-Din, a Khar’l chief. He may have found¬ 
ed it on an older site, and a town may possibly have been in existence there in the 
time of Alexander’s campaign, but there is a vast difference between probability and 
“ identification.” How many times has the Kawi changed its course since that time ? 
The direction taken by Alexander against the Malli, and the situation of their 
territory, as described by the historians of his compaigns, depends entirely upon 
where the Hydraotes [Rawi] united with the Acesines [Ohjn-ab] at that period. 
Where the junction took place shortly before the appearance of the ’Arabs in Sind 
and Multan has been already related. See also note 192, page 244. 
The Malli are said to have occupied the country between the lower part of the 
courses of the Hydraotes and Acesines, and also the district beyond the Hydraotes. 
What plainer description can be desired to show that the lower part of what in com¬ 
paratively modern days was called the Ra oh in-ab Do-abah, in part of the Sandal 
Bar , the Gondal Bar, and part of the Ganji Bar adjoining it in the Bfrri Do-abah 
is meant, even according to the most ancient courses of the rivers that we know of. 
That the greater part of the tract in question was above the place of junction of the 
two rivers is clear, because it is stated, that the troops were landed below the 
confluence of the Hydaspes [Bihat] and Acesines [Oliin-db] on the right [west] 
bank of the latter, that is, in the Sind-Sagar Do-abah, and were directed to march 
down stream, on that side, at certain intervals of time, in divisions, to the 'point of 
junction of the Acesines [Ohin-ab] with the Hydraotes [Rawi] ; and the fleet was 
ordered to be conducted thither also. In the time of the ’Arabs, this junction 
took place about twenty miles north-east of Multan , but in Alexander’s day it 
probably took place, to judge from the most ancient channels, much higher up, 
and between Si<Jhu ki Sara’e and Shor Kot, but nearer to the latter place. 
