364 H. G-. Raverty— The Mihrdn of Sincl and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
one of the ancient channels of the Ohin-ab. It then turns abruptly 
from north towards the south for seven miles, and then turns west 
the day, the attack upon it was deferred till the following day. This was the 
place where Alexander was so badly wounded in storming it. Where this fortress 
might have been I cannot say, but it was in the Rachin-ab Do-abah, not far from the 
then banks of the Hydraotes [Rawi], and somewhere to the northward of Kot 
Kamaliah, or between that place and Samandur, or even farther north near the old 
channel of the river shown in the general map. No 1. 
Masson considers “Tulumba” to have been “the capital of the Malli, which 
could not be Multan” ; and respecting this last remark there cannot be the shadow 
of a doubt: Multan was too far south, as the other subsequent operations show. 
Masson also, contrar}*- to others, considers “ Kamalia” was the site of the fortress 
where Alexander nearly lost his life ; and he dwells upon the marsh near it as a proof. 
This, however, is neither proof nor clue; for there are marshes in several other 
places in these parts : the distance given of the length of the march is the best. 
Masson also identified “ Haripah ” [Hurappah] as Sangala, in which, of course, 
he was totally wrong; for Sangala Tall lies eighty-four miles to the northwards of 
Hurappah, but, as regards Kot Kamaliah, he is certainly in the right neighbourhood, 
although too far south perhaps. 
Vincent (“Voyage of Nearchus”) says, that “the fortress where Alexander 
was wounded, was not the Malli capital [not “ Moultan,” as he writes it] ; for it is 
certainly on the north of the Hydraotes as M< ultan is on the south ” But, in another 
place, he spoils his, by chance, correct statement, by adding, that “ the Caspiri on 
the Rlmadis ought to he Moultan on the Ravee,” etc. 
After stating all I have noticed above, the Author of the “ Life and Actions 
of Alexander the Great,” like others who have written since, supposes, that “ the 
Malli are represented by the modern inhabitants of Moultan, and Outch of the 
Oxydracae;” as he says the former [i. e., “Moultan”] is on the left bank of the 
Acesines [Ohin-ab], with the cognate city of Mulban [sic] between the Hydraotes 
[Rawi] and Hyphasis [Biah], and Outch lower down, not far from the confluence of 
the Hyphasis and Acesines. Here he has been guided, it will be seen, by the courses 
of the rivers as they now flow, and as those places are now situated, but it was not so 
then ; and he has mistaken the Gharali for the Hyphasis, which referred to the 
Biah alone. The descriptions given by the Greek writers clearly show, that all 
these operations took place in the Rachin-ab Do-abah, between the Chin-ab and 
the Rawi, in whatever direction they may have flowed at that period, and chiefly 
on the banks of the latter, eighty miles north-east of Multan, and nearly double 
that distance north-north-east of tf chch h. 
We next come to the descent of the Hydraotes [Rawi]. As soon as Alexander 
could be removed, he was taken down the Hydraotes to the confluence of that river 
with the Acesines [Chin-ab] where was the standing camp, and where the vessels 
of his fleet were directed to assemble. At the time of the ’Arab conquest of Sind, 
and perhaps for a considerable- time previously, the confluence was about twenty 
miles to the north-east of Multan. 
It occupied four days to convey Alexander down the river Hydraotes to its 
confluence with the Acesines ; and there the grand army and fleet had already 
arrived. While his wounds were healing, new vessels were being built. Near the 
confluence was a large banyan tree, below which according to Aristobulus, fifty 
