378 H. G. Raver ty— The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. "No. 
of what is locally called the Ganji Bar, ivliicli latter word, in Hindi, 
signifies ‘ edge,’ ‘margin,’ 4 verge,’ etc., hnt the people of these parts 
apply that term to uncultivated wastes generally, beyond the reach of 
water. 
As in the elevated platean called the Sandal Bar in the Rachin-ab 
Do-abah, already described, this stiff, clayey surface overlies a sub¬ 
stratum, in the shape of a high, and rather barren strip of land beyond 
the influence of the yearly inundations, but capable of cultivation if 
irrigated artificially. 886 This is called hanghar in this part of the 
Bari Do-abah, rohi on the Sntlaj, and uthdr or upland in the Raohin-ab 
Do-abah. After this again comes another belt, the last, known as 
hethar or “ lowland ” in the Raohin-ab Do-abah, and “ bet” “ hhddar ,” 
and “ sail-obi ” in other parts, as in the following diagram 887 of the 
Raohin-ab Do-abah. 
Thai 
rO 
vC ? 
S3 
*3 
o : 
hethar 
uthdr 
Sandal Bar 
Rawi. 
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'A'/}/ ///»///»WA //.W.. -rad//// " w AA/A-// /. ///■■/ ■' s 
886 The hethar or ‘lowland’ of the Ohin-ab, is called bet on the Rawi, and 
hhddar on the banks of the Sutlaj. Another name in the Persian language appli¬ 
cable to all, and generally used in official documents, is sail-abi, that is, subject to 
the annual inundations. Then again, the uthdr or ‘upland’ tract or belt on the 
Ohin-ab is known as hanghar on the Rawi and Sutlaj. The inundations never pass 
beyond its bank inland. These belts are again subdivided or distinguished locally 
by other names referring to the capabilities of these higher tracts for cultivation 
purposes. In some places, as near Shor Ivot in the Jhang district, where several 
old channels of the Oli in-ab and Rawi exist, the uthdr belt is wanting altogether, 
or lies at a considerable distance farther inland, but really, there is no high land 
hereabouts to stay the flood waters. 
8^7 These diagrams, of course, are not drawn to scale : they are merely intend¬ 
ed to give some idea of the features of the tracts between the rivers, and make my 
explanations clearer. 
A comparison of the heights of some of the places in these remarkable tracts 
between the Chin-nb and Rawi, and between the Rawi and the high bank of the 
Biah, and the Hariari, Nill, or Gharah, constituting nearly the lower halves of the 
Rachin-ab Do-abah, the Bari Do-abah, and Ohhoti Kachchhi, will illustrate these 
diagrams. 
For example, if we run a line from, say, Ohandan-ot or Ohandani-ot eastwards 
towards the Hariari in the direction of Firuz-pur, we find that, while Ohandan-ot 
is 831 feet above the sea level, the banks of the Hariari, near the point indicated, 
are just 200 feet lower. Going southwards, Jhang, which is just 570 feet above the 
sea, is 261 feet lower than Oh andan-ot, but 80 feet higher than Ghugherah, which 
is but 490; while Debal-pur, near the ancient channel of the Biah, is 20 feet 
higher than Ghugherah, but 60 feet lower than Jhang, 321 feet lower than Ohandan- 
ot, and 120 feet lower than the banks of the Hariari parallel to Firuz-pur. Going 
