1892.] H. G. Raverty —The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. 
381 
it is twelve miles broad, and still lower down, south of Tulanbah, it is 
above seventeen ; and this continues about the average breadth until it 
Harapa.” He does not “ identify” it as existing in the time of the Greek invasion, 
but states that the prevalent tradition among the people generally is, that it was 
destroyed thirteen hundred years ago, at the same time as Shor Kot. From 1835, 
less 1300 years, would bring us to about 535 A. D., about the time that the Turks, 
including the Tattars, and Mughals, the Indo-Scythians and Geta9 of Europeans, 
began to make inroads into different parts of southern Asia. See my “Translation 
of the Tabakat-i-Nasiri,” note 2, page 869. 
Masson (“Travels,” 1—153), on the other hand, “identifies” “ HaHpa,” as he 
writes Hurappah, as “ Sangala,” “ for,” he says, “ every condition of Arrian’s 
Sangala are here fulfilled—the brick fortress, with a lake, or rather swamp [see 
note 393, page 385, for a great lake in the Bari Do-abah], at the north-eastern 
angle ; the mound protected by a triple row of chariots, and defended by the 
Kathi’s,” etc., etc. 
As an instance of a great mistake, “ Arrian’s conditions ” notwithstanding, and 
which shows likewise how “ doctors disagree,” I may mention that the Tall of 
Sangala happens to lie just eighty miles farther north than Hurappah, and, that it 
is also in the Rachin-ab Do-abah, while Hurappah is in the Bari Do-abah. Dr. Phillip 
Smith (“ Ancient History ”) “identified” Lahor as “Sangala,” see note 379, page 
371. Masson adds, that, “ the identification of Sangala gives a point from which 
we may safely [truly ! as I have shewn] calculate upon the site of the celebrated 
altars of Alexander, which in all probability were in the neighbouidiood of Pak 
Pattan, on the Satlej, two marches from Haripah, Alexander having there gained 
the high road into India, which was afterwards followed by Taimur.” 
Now that we know the exact position of Sangala, it is amusing to read of these 
“ identifications and were we to be guided by him according to the distance of 
“ the altars,” from “ Haripah ” by a similar distance from Sangala, we should have to 
look for them along the present banks of the Rawi, or at the farthest, at the nearest 
points of the banks of the Biah instead of the “ Satlaj,” which, less than five 
hundred years ago, flowed upwards of sixty miles farther east than the Biha. The 
only wonder is that these altars have not yet been “ identified.” 
Cunningham, on the other hand, tells us (“ Ancient India,” p. 217) that, “the 
famous spot on the eastern bank of the Hyphasis [which refers to the Biah only],” 
where “ Alexander halted and wept,” must have been somewhere in the low ground 
between the Satlej and the Bias [sic], at a short distance above the old junction 
opposite Kasur and Bazidpur [six miles south-east of Firuz-pur]. For 20 miles 
above this point the courses of the two rivers ran almost parallel, and within a few 
miles of each other, from the earliest times [!] down to 1796, when the Satlej 
suddenly changed its course,” etc., etc. I may mention, however, that from the 
bed of the Biah to the last old bed of the Satlaj is about thirty-six miles on the 
average. In another place, he says this change in the Satlaj took place in 1790 ; 
and, in another place, that “ the altars must be looked for along the line of the 
present coarse [!] of the Satlej, at a few miles below Hari-ki-patan.” Hari ke Patan 
is twenty-five miles north-east of Bazid-pur, and thirty-three miles east of Kasur. 
Why these “ altars ” must be looked for on the banks of the Sutlaj, seeing that 
Alexander never crossed the Bidh, the writer does not tell us ? 
Between the “ Pak Pattan ” near where “ the altars ” may be looked for 
