1892.] H. G. Raverly —The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. 
383 
On the south or Biah side, the rise of this central plateau, as 
already noticed, is about forty feet, while on the north or Rawi side it 
Hydraotes [Acesines ?]. They captured it, and Alexander was informed, “that 
India beyond the Hyphasis—the modern Bezah, or perhaps the united streams of 
the Bezah and Sutlege—[here the writer supposes they had united 2216 years ago 
instead of less than 100], was very fertile, etc. * * * “ He prepared to cross 
the Hyphasis,” bat as above stated his troops refused to do so. “ On the banks of 
the Hyphasis he erected twelve towers in the shape of gigantic altars. * * * 
Alexander then returned from the Hyphasis [which was not crossed], recrossed the 
Hydraotes [llawi] and Acesines [Ohin-ab], and arrived on the banks of the 
Hydaspes [Bihat] again. See note 379, page 374. 
Strabo agrees with the others that the Hypanis, the Hyphasis of the others 
[Biah], was not crossed, and adds, that Alexander kept much nearer the hills during 
his march from the Hydaspes, consequently, there would be no need to seek for 
these altars, if they existed now, “ between the Satlej and Bias opposite Kasur and 
Bazidpur,” nor “ in the neighbourhood of Pak Pattan, two marches from Haripah.’ 
From what Strabo says they would have been situated some fifty miles or more 
above Kasur ; and to crown the whole, the Hyphasis [Bhih] as late as the time of 
the ’Arab conquest of Sind, was separated by a tract of country some ninety-two 
miles in breadth from the Zaradrus, Hesudrus, or Satadru [Sutlaj], and even in the 
last century, the distance between them was an average of thirty-eight miles. See 
page 388. 
Dr. (now, Sir) William Smith, LL.D., in his “ Classical Dictionary,” after telling 
us that “ Alexander penetrated as far as the Hyphasis , which was the furthest point 
he reached,” assures us that this river is the “ Garra.” The Gharah, Hariari, or Nili, 
did not then exist; and a century has not yet elapsed since the Biah and Sutlaj 
permanently uniting, formed what is known as the Gharah in the lower half of its 
course, and Hariari and Nili in the upper half. These two rivers had certainly 
united, temporarily, within the last four hundred years ; but, after flowing together 
for a short distance, again separated, and again united after flowing apart for one 
hundred and seventy-five miles or more. The “ Hyphasis ” which Alexander 
reached, and beyond which he did not pass, nor any of his troops, was the Bidh 
alone. Having fallen into one error, the writer, naturally, falls into others. Under 
the heading of “ Zaradrus,” he informs us, that it is the “ Sutlej,” which falls into 
the Hyphasis (Gharra),” here written with ‘ gh ’ under the previous heading it was 
‘ g.’ Thus he makes the Gharah and Sutlaj two distinct rivers; but, if we turn to 
the heading “Hyphasis,” we are told that the 1 lyphasis or Hypasis or Hypanis,” 
is (( the Beeas, and Gharra, a river of India ”—one river ! The Sutlaj, which eleven 
centuries after Alexander’s time was flowing eighty miles or more to the east of the 
Biah, is the “ Zaradrus,” “ Zadarus,” or ‘ Hesudrus,” and this the Greeks did not 
reach. 
The Survey record which I have been quoting from elsewhere, records a cari¬ 
ous fact. On the route from Labor to Nur-pur, thirty-three miles and a half from 
the former, and two miles north of Ujnala, and less than a mile from the north or 
right bank of the Kirn Nalah, and foui miles and a half from the left bank of the 
Rawi, there stood in the last century a tnllah or mound, which is described as 
“ about one hundred cubits in height, and which can be seen from a distance of two 
and three huroh. On the summit thereof is a large tomb or something of the 
