404 H. G. Raverfcy— The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
was, in one part, intersected by the present river, and that it branches 
off from it towards the south, about fifteen miles south of Ajuddhan 
or the Pak Pattau, between Laluh ka aud Ohawi ki, and which branch, 
even in the maps which miscall the river the Sutlaj, still appears as the 
“ Hariari.” Jt runs almost parallel to the present river for about 
thirty-two miles or more, passing within one mile of Kasim ka on the 
south, and down to near Muhar and Jhindu ka Shalir, 424 where it inclin¬ 
es towards the south in the direction of Mubarak-pur, and its traces 
are lost in the remains of the old channel of the Sutlaj or great dandah. 
We learn from the Memoirs of that extraordinary man, George 
Thomas, that the Sutlaj in his time [1798] “flowed towards the south 
from near Firuz-pur, in the channel called the Danda or high bank 
of the Sutlaj ; ” 425 and I fully believe, that the intermediate channel 
above noticed, and mentioned by Mr. Brandeth as a “lower danda,” 
is what is referred to in his “ Memoirs.” 
Towards the close of the last century, the river ceased to flow in 
this channel, consequent on both the Biah and Sutlaj finally uniting 
at Hari ke Patan, abandoning altogether their former channels, and 
forming the Hariari, Nili, or Gharah as it at present flows. In this 
instance, the action of the Biah was contrary to that of all the other 
rivers of this part, which, in the course of ages, had inclined from east 
to west. The Biah, however, could not do as the others had done, 
because the country fiom its right high bank, which rises in places, 
some forty feet above the tract over which it had flowed from time to 
time, slopes gradually down towards the channel of the now united 
Biah and Sutlaj ; and the fact that, around Ajuddhan or the Pak Pattan, 
the country is some thirty feet or more above the bed of the united 
rivers, this, together with the gradual rise of the country towards 
the west, prevented, in the same manner, the Sutlaj from inclining 
farther westwards. 426 
sites show how often, from its continnal changes, the inhabitants have had te 
abandon their homes and move elsewhere. 
The sandy soil and hillocks along the banks of the rivers of these parts are 
known by the general term of sothrah. 
All the old sites lying along the course of the dry channel of the Sutlaj, the 
“ great dandah ” described at page 398, which passes by Makhti-sar, are situated 
on mounds. 
424 It is about fifteen miles east of Ludhan, and nine miles north of Mubarak- 
pur. The “ Jhidu ka Sheher ” of the maps. 
425 According to the map given in the Memoirs of George Thomas, the channel 
referred to therein, is still farther east than the Uboh-har channel, but the mistake 
is apparent. 
426 If the Sultaj bad inclined westwards farther up stream, then it might have 
cut a channel for itself in much lower ground, and have found its way into the 
