418 H. G. Raverty —The Mihrcin of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
the causes mentioned in the preceding note, 446, with the sole exception 
of the Biah, which, on account of the high plateau forming its extreme 
right or west bank, had to betake itself in the contrary direction, when 
it united with the Sutlaj and formed the Hariari,, Nili or Gharali; and 
that the alterations in the course of the Sutlaj—“ the Satadru of the 
Hundred Bellies or Channels ”—have been far greater than in those of 
all the others. There has been, likewise, during the same period of 
time, great changes in the courses of the Gliag-ghar and the Sursuti 
and their tributaries, as will be shown in the notice of them farther on. 
The Hakra', Wahindah, or Sjnd-Sagar, and the Chitang. 
The Survey record says, with reference to this river, that “ One 
of the principal tributaries of the Hakra, and the easternmost, 
is the Chitang, 4151 which is (now) dependent on rain, that is to say, 
451 Both Cunningham and the “Calcutta Review” writer make this name 
“ Chitrang,” whereas there is no‘r’ nor long ‘ a ’ in the word, which is written 
Chitr-ang is the name by which the hard, smooth portions of the soil of a part of 
the present desert tract is known, which extends for many miles together, as will be 
noticed in its proper place. 
It was within two miles of the present south bank of the Chitang, between 
Thani-sar and Karnal, thirteen miles south of the former and ten north of the 
latter, that the two battles took place between Sultan Mn’izz-ud-Din, Muhammad, 
son of Sam, the Shausabani Tajzik Sultan of Ghaznin and Ra’e Pithora, in the last 
ol which the latter was overthrown, and killed in the act of flying. These battles were 
fought near A’zim-abad-i-Talawari or Tarawari— £ 1 ’ and ‘ r’ being interchangeable 
— otherwise Tara’in Garh, the “ Turaoree ” of the maps, nearer which, in ancient 
times, the Sursuti or Saraswati may have flowed, for its course has changed consi¬ 
derably in the lapse of ages. See also Tabaffdt-i-Nasirt , page G08 and note 8. 
Dow calls it “ Sirauri on the banks of the Sirsutty,” while Briggs, by way of improv¬ 
ing it, turns it into “ Ndrain on the banks of the Soorsutby,” by turning ‘ t ’ into ‘ n ’ 
_3 for 3. Mr. J. Dowson, Elliot’s editor (“ Indian Historians,” vol. II, p. 295) also 
makes it Narain after the same fashion, as though such a word was contained in 
the text of the Tabakat-i-Ndsiri, which it is not, and in a foot note adds, that, 
“ according to Gen. Cunningham, the battle-field of Narain is on the banks of the 
Rakslii river ;” but, as there was no battle of “ Narain,” compilers of Indian his¬ 
tory, according to the inaccurate manner so captivating to the English reader of 
“ popular works,” and the pernicious system of copying from each other, instead of 
seeing for themselves (if capable of so doing), stick to “ Narain.” This seems, indeed, 
to be a favourite name, for Sultan Mahmud, the Turk Sultan of Ghaznin (p. 449 of the 
same vol.) is brought to another “ Narain,” but this one is supposed to be “ Anlial- 
wara, the capital of Gajarat.” 
VVilford, who notices this river Chitang, also makes the mistake of confounding 
its name with that of the Chitr-ang Zarnin. He says (As. Res. vol. 9, p. 214), that 
“The river Stranga is now called the Cliitrangh and Caggar [the Ghag-gliar he 
means],” but the Ghag-ghar was merely a tributary of the Hakra or Wahindah, 
