18'92.] H. Gr. Raverty— The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. 427 
baying been carried farther towards the frontier of Sind, although it 
gives several routes which crosses it by various places still on, or once 
on its banks. 
Continuing to run in much the same direction as before, and 
winding considerably, the bed of the Hakra, at present, passes by 
Phulra, a kasbah and masonry fort, with lofty walls, and surrounded 
by a ditch. It was formerly of considerable importance, 460 but now 
much decayed, once situated on its bank, but, at this day, about a 
mile and a quarter distant from it on the south. In the bed, about 
three miles to the north-wards of Phulra, are the ruins of an old place 
called Tehri. After making a short bend to the north-west, from the 
tomb of Imam Shah, now in its present bed, it again bends towards the 
sonth-west, and runs towards Marut;, distant from the south bank a 
mile and a half. Here the bed is from four to five miles in breadth. 
Marut, it will be remembered, is mentioned by Mangutah, the Mughal 
leader, in the account of the investment of U'ohqhh; and up to this 
day, after heavy rains, water still runs in the Hakra bed to within three 
or four miles of Marut, which, at the time the Survey was made from 
which I have given these extracts, was a small town with a fort con¬ 
structed of burnt bricks, standing on a khdk-rez or artificial mound about 
feet in height. The drifting sands since that time have encroached so 
much towards the west as to reach near to the top of the walls; and 
the town, which then carried on a considerable trade in grain, has now 
gone to decay, and there is no cultivation 461 A number of routes 
branch off from this place in every direction, and also the most ancient 
channel that we know of, more towards the south. 
After passing Marut — a little east of which, one of the ancient 
channels of the Sutlaj can be distinctly traced, 463 and which river bed, 
appearing in our maps as the “ Nyewal,” and “ Western Naiwal,” 
460 Masson, who passed it in 1826, says, that, “ Pularali,” as he calls it, “ has 
an antique and picturesque appearance, particularly from the northern side, where 
the walls are washed by a large expanse of water in which is an island studded with 
trees.” This expanse of water was, of course, in the channel of the Hakra. 
461 That is to say, forty years since, about the time of the annexation of the 
Panj-ab. 
463 At least it could be distinctly traced in 1849-50, at which time, in going 
from Marut to Bahawal-pur, you reached it about seven miles from the first named 
place, and there the channel was more than a mile and a half broad. It was sub¬ 
sequent to this being the point of junction, that the Sutlaj again moved farther 
westwards, between this old channel and the present Gharah, which channel is 
referred to at page 400, which passes east of Bag-sar, Mubarak-pur, Khair-pur, 
Bahawal-pur, down as far as Noh-shahrah, below which it united with the Hakra 
as already mentioned at the page referred to. 
