1892.] H. G. Raverty —The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. 437 
“ At present,” says my Survey account, “ the channel having passed 
by Chapar, Fath-pur, and between the latter place and Bhunareri, about 
a leuroh farther south-west, the tributaries of the Ghag-ghar [presently 
to be noticed], unite with it, after which it is also known as the 
Panch Nadi, and lower down towards Tihwanah 4,84 ’ as the Gaji Wa-hah 
as well. From this place of junction, the Ghag-ghar or Panch Nadi 
short time, thinking, that if the Mnsalmans ventured out, he might be able to over¬ 
throw them. They considering themselves now strong enough, did so, encountered 
him, overthrew him with great slaughter, and put him to flight, killing great num¬ 
bers in the pursuit. Deobal fled, and shut himself up in a strong fortress 
which he possessed, and in it he was invested by the victors. The name of the 
place is not mentioned, but is said to have been small, although very strong ; and 
the Rajah had brought thither along with him such a number of followers, that 
famine began to stare them in the face. He had, therefore, to sue for terms, but 
the Mnsalmans would agree to nothing short of his surrendering up all his fortified 
places to them, and he was obliged to comply. He obtained quarter; but the 
property and wealth contained in these strongholds, which was very great, fell 
into the hands of the people of Islam, and 5,000 persons of that faith, de¬ 
tained as captives by the Rajah, Deobal of Harianah, who, in pomp and power 
exceeded all the other Maliks of Hind, were, incorporated with the Muhammadan 
army. 
This Rajah appears to be the same as the one referred to in Sultan Mas’ud’s 
time, but the names are differently written, the first mentioned being plainly 
Diobal, probably Dio-pal— and the other J l w without points, which may 
be Do-bal, or Do-pal, or even Do-tal, or Do-yal. If one and the same Rajah is not 
referred to, the latter must be the son, or the successor of the former, but they 
probably refer to one and the same person. 
After finishing this affair, the Mnsalmans marched against the other Rajah, 
who was named Mat Mari. He sallied forth from his stronghold to encounter them ; 
and although they did not amount to more than a tenth of the number he brought 
against them, they defeated and slew him, with the loss of some 5,000 men killed, 
and a vast amount of booty fell into their hands. The rest of the neighbouring 
Maliks of Hind, having become aware of this disaster, agreed to pay tax and 
tribute ; and thus they saved themselves from the swords of the people of Islam. 
Sultan Maudud died on the 20th Rajab, 441H. (about the end of January, 1050 A.D.), 
at which time his son, Abu-l-Kasim-i-Muhammad, held the government of Lahor 
and its dependencies. 
484 Tihwanah, in Akbar Padshah’s reign (written “Tohanah” in Blochmann’s 
text) was a mahdll of the sarkdr of Hisar Firuzah, and had a fort of kiln-burnt 
brick. Its l’evenue amounted to 4,694,354 dams, with free grants amounting alto¬ 
gether to 150,680 dams. The people were Afghans of the Nuharni or Luhani tribe, 
who had to furnish 400 horsemen, and 3,000 foot for militia purposes. It is pi'obable 
that some Af gh ans have been located in these parts ever since the time of Sultan 
Ghiyas-ud-din, Balban, who was the first of the great feudatories of the Delili 
kingdom who took Afghans into pay. But this was not “in the sixth century A.D. 
in the time of Anang Pal Tunur Raja of Delili,” as some tell us. It is said, in 
history, to have been founded by Rajah Tihwan Pal son of Abi Pal. 
