464 H. G. Baverty— The Milirdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
quite distinct a little way north-east of Mir-pur. The other passes by 
Pathayali and Bakhar, both of which are notable places, as I shall pre¬ 
sently show: indeed, there are numerous ruins, the remains of ancient 
towns, of greater or lesser size, still remaining along the courses of 
these old channels ; 531 and tradition affirms that this tract was once the 
most flourishing part of Sind, and its soil is still most productive where 
water is available. 632 Pathayali and Bakhar are, respectively, thirteen 
and twenty miles below this point of separation of the two channels, 
and on the banks of the main one or Hakra, which now runs towards 
Ainar Kot of the Sodahs ; but, fifteen miles above that ancient place, 
it bends or turns more towards the south, and after running in that 
direction for about eighteen miles, and passing thirteen miles and a half 
west of Amar Kot, begins to bend more towards the south-south-west 
again ; and as far as this and beyond, it is still known as the Hakro, as 
the people of Sind pronounce it. 
At Nowali Kot, a little over fifty-one miles south-south-west from 
Amar Kot, 533 and eighty-two south-east of Haidar-abad, it again 
681 The “ Report on the Eastern Narra” says (p. 6), that “ There are villages 
all the way [down] on either side, especially below Saya [ ? ] ; and there are 
sand-hills to within four or five miles of Mithrow. * # * The river runs in 
several smaller channels — sometimes in one only—from Sayddum down to between 
Mithrow and Bakhar, where some old channels occur.” 
522 South of Bahman-abad, between Amar Kot and Khiprah, the mins of several 
ancient towns are said to exist, including one known as Kot Ratta near the banks 
of the Hakra, as well as others lower down towards the ancient mouth of the river, 
including the ruins of ancient Badin. Hereabouts are several branches from the 
main channel, clearly defined, but now dry, which intersect the country for 
fifteen or twenty miles westwards, and run nearly parallel to the main channel. 
623 Amar Kot, as is well-known (or ought to be) was the birth-place of Jalal-ud- 
Din, Muhammad Akbar Badshah, when his father, Humayun Badshah, in great dis¬ 
tress and misery, was returning to Sind from Jasal-mir, having gone thither by 
Dirawar and Bikanir, on his way to Mai Dfw of Jodh-pur, who had promised him 
aid and then deceived him. Finding he w r as liable to be attacked by overwhelming 
numbers, he, with his small following, turned off towards Jasal-mir, and from 
thence towards Amar Kot, the party being nearly starved for want of grain. 
Having reached Amar Kot, its chief, Rana Bir-sil, treated him with great considera¬ 
tion, and gave up his outer fort to the Badshah’s consort, whom he had married in 
Sind; and in that fort she gave birth to Akbar on the night of Sunday (our 
Saturday night — the night precedes the day in eastern computation), the 5th of 
Rajab, 949 H. (night of October 4th, 1542 A.l) ). One of the “ Panjab Gazetteers” 
actually tells us that “ Malot” in the Hoshyar-piir district was the place of his birth ! 
Mr. Hughes in his Sind Gazetteer, of course, mentions the fact of his birth at 
“ Umarkot,” but then he adds a rare piece of history, to the effect that, “It was 
through this town that Akbar, when emperor, marched in A.D. 1591 to conquer 
Sind—an expedition, which, as history relates, was successful.” Only Gazetteer 
“ history ” would relate such : Akbar Badshah was never in Amar Kot nor in Sind 
