1892.] H. Gr. Raverty —The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. 467 
still remaining on the banks of the old channels. These ancient 
channels, however, by utilizing them as canals for irrigation purposes, 
and the yearly inundations of the Indus, are becoming fast obliterated; 
and this may be some plea for my venturing to record here the little 
information which I possessed respecting the Hakra, and the other rivers 
herein mentioned, which were its tributaries. 
The other channels between the present channel of the Sindhu, A'b- 
i-Sind, or Indus, and the Puranah Dhorah , or Ancient Channel of the 
Mihran of Sind, or Hakra, immediately north and west of Shadad-pur, 
including that of the Lohano Dhoro of the Sindis, are the remains of 
channels formed after that branch of the Mihran of Sind or Hakra, 
• / 
which near Kalari branched off to the north-west and then west to¬ 
wards Siw-istan, and subsequently re-united with the main branch 
which flowed past Bahman-no—Mansuriyah on the east. Those farther 
north, and extending eastwards of the present channel of the Sindhu, 
or Ab-i-Sind, between Sihwan and the lime-stone hills and sand bluffs 
running south from Rurhi, and bounding the valley of the Hakra, as 
it may be termed, on the west, after the junction of the Narah or 
old western channel just below Sayyidah, are the remains of the 
channels in which the Sindhu, Ab-i-Sind, or Indus flowed from 
time to time, in its continual movements towards the west, after it had 
finally deserted the Mihran of Sind or Hakra subsequent to receiving 
the waters of the Panch Nad or Panj Ab, which likewise deserted it, as 
noticed farther on. The Sindhu or Ab-i-Sind took some considerable 
time to gain its present course, especially west and south-west between 
Bakhar and Silitah. From near Kandia.ro and Darbelo south and east, 
down towards Sakrand and Shadad-pur, its most ancient channels now 
existing run nearly the whole way between these places, as a glance at 
the map of Sind shows, but are still more clearly to be seen in the maps 
of the Revenue Survey. Among these old channels, probably, is that 
in which the river so repeatedly mentioned by the ’Arabs, the Kumbh, 
flowed, which passed between Siw-istan, 536 the modern Sihwan, and 
the western branch of the Mihran of Sind, and into which the Ab-i- 
Sind or Sindhu may have found its way during its repeated changes. 
These movements extended over a considerable length of time ; for, in 
the time of Mirza Jani Beg, the last of the Tar-Khan Mu gh al rulers 
of the Thathah territory, which included Wicholo or Middle, and Lar 
or Lower Sind (999 H.—1590-91 A.D.), the river was still running six 
kuroh or about ten miles and a half east of Siw-istan or Sihwan. 637 
636 See note 545, page 473. 
6S7 The compiler of the Gazetteer of Sind says (p. 286), that “ among the 
largest canals of the Jerruck Deputy Collectorate is the Baghar or Bhaghiar, 
