474 H. G. Raverty— The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
a change came, the first important one to be noted. The Hakra or Wa- 
hindah continued to flow much as before, and to unite into one stream 
near Sayyadah, just forty miles above Baliman-abad, the western 
branch flowing towards the northwards, and then north-west, to¬ 
wards Siw-istan, 546 but somewhat nearer to it than before, then 
bent south and south-east again to re-unite with the main river, 
but not so far towards the south as before: at one period falling 
into the sea near Debal : at another about two days’ journey from it 
eastwards, as it had previously done. At another period it separated 
into two branches about twelve mil (miles) below Mansuriyali — for that 
had now been built—on the west side, six miles from Baliman-abad, and 
from Mahfuzah on the opposite or east side, 547 and fell into the sea near 
the town of Shakara, two days’ journey east of Debal, by one mouth, and, 
subsequently, by two, one nearer Debal than before; but the other, 
known as the mouth of the Great Mihran, was the Shakara channel 
separating Kachqhh from Sind. At another intermediate period, the 
distance between the mouth of the Great Mihran and the port of Debal 
was but six mil (miles) : at another, after the junction with the Ra’in 
branch below Aror near Sayyidah, the river began to flow through the 
middle of Sind, that is a little more to the westward than before, and 
with a slower current, spreading out in that part which I have men¬ 
tioned as almost a dead level westwards and southwards, and forming 
> Arab leader, ’Imad-ud-Din, Muhammad, advanced from Nirun to operate against 
Siw-istan and Baliman-abad, a river ran east of Nirun and Siw-istan, parallel or 
nearly so, to the Mihran. Muhammad, having crossed that river, which appears to 
have been fordable, reached the west bank of the Mihran, and having crossed it to 
the east side by a bridge of boats, moved towards Bahman-abad. The first-men¬ 
tioned river was not the Sindhu or Ab-i-Sind, but the river called the Kumbh in the 
Ohach Namah, which enters into much greater detail. See the extracts from that 
work in note 184, page 2 32, and note 187, page 234. 
646 Mr. R. D. Oldham, in a paper on the subject of the changes in the courses 
of the Pauj-ab Rivers, says, that “ It would be impossible for the Indus flowing in 
the Narra to send a branch past Hermetelia or Brahman-abad [only it is not 
Bra7imcm-abad, but Bahman-abad or Bahman-nihj unless water was gifted with the 
power of flowing up-hill in the time of Alexander the Great,” etc. 
As the bed of the Hakra lies much higher than Bahman-abad all the way down 
from Kh an Garh and Khair-pur Dehr ke, and lower than its western branch, 
which passed Aror on the east, in which the overflow waters from the river Indus 
as it now flows find their way, there would be no necessity whatever for water to 
“flow up-hill,” and which the Mitraho Canal does not do. At the period in question, 
where the Hakra or Mihran of Sind separated into two branches, some forty miles 
above Bahman-abad and Mansuriyah, the country was almost a dead level, especi¬ 
ally from east to west, but inclined slightly towards the south. 
bW The Balazari states, that Mansuriyah was founded on one side of the estuary 
or lake facing Hind, and Mahfuzah on the opposite side. See note 553, page 477. 
