478 H. G. Raverty— The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
contributed to form the great ran or marsh between Kaqhchh and Sind, 
which previously had been a broad estuary, bay, or inlet of the ocean, 
but which now had begun to fill up. 
It must not be supposed that this great river and its tributaries 
kept to a single channel only in their courses through alluvial tracts of 
country. There were, no doubt, then as now, in all the rivers, minor 
channels branching oft on either side at greater or lesser distances, and 
flowing for greater or lesser distances, again to unite with the main 
channel, and again to branch off. What I have described here are the 
general courses of the main rivers. 
Up to this period (about 335 H. = 946 A.D.) Rurhi and Bakhar, 
now on the Ab-i-Sind or Indus, were unknown : there is no record in 
history of their existence; for, up to this time, no water from the 
Mihran of Sind, the united Hakni, Sind Riid, and Ab-i-Sind or Indus, 
passed near their sites. The waters from the eastern and southern slopes 
of the range of Mihtar Suliman on the west, and from the Haru and 
Suhan rivers on the east, as far down as Rujan, flowed to the Sindhu, 
Ab-i-Sind, or Indus ; while such streams as the Nan and Lehri, coming 
from the range of Mihtar Suliman and the Koli-i-Surkh or Rata Roh, 
bounding the Af gh an state (or what recently belonged to the Af gh an 
state, and on that account christened “ British Balochistan” probably) 
on the south, and those from the north-west, namely, the Bolan river, 
and the Ghar or Gliaj, (some of which appear to have contained a 
greater volume of water than in after years), flowing southwards by 
Khairo Garhi, and Shadad-pur, must have fallen into the channel called 
in our rasps the Western Narra ; and these waters in some parts, evi¬ 
dently, formed the lakes, previously referred to, between Mukran and 
the territory of Mansuriyah, including the Lake Manchhar, in which 
the waters collected. 654 From this lake they again issued by an outlet 
Tod (Yol. I., p. 17) says, with respect to “ Eiriuos,” that, the word is a cor¬ 
ruption of Run or Rin ; and in a note says, “ Most probably a corruption of ‘ aranya * 
a desert; and so the Greek mode of writing is more correct than the present.” 
This is a wonderful statement, truly. 
It is strange that, in the detailed account of the operations of the ’Arab 
commander, Muhammad, against Siw-istan, contained in the Ohach Namah, there is 
no mention whatever of any lake near it, although another is mentioned lower down 
stream. All that is said is, that, “ in former times the Ab-i-Sind did not flow on 
or from the north side of that place,” but that it did at the time of the ’Arab who 
is relating the circumstance. Ammianus Marcellinus tells us (363 A.D.), that, in 
that part of Gedrosia which on its right touches the frontier of India, are several 
rivers of which the greatest is the Artabius, and that there, “ the Barbitani 
mountains end, and from their lowest parts rise several rivers which fall into the 
Indus, losing their own names in the greatness of that superior stream.” See note 
185, page 233, and page 475. 
