502 H. G. Raverty— The Mihran of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
united with the Hakra, instead of higher up stream as it had formerly 
done. 678 
Having lost such a large volume of water through the desertion of 
the Panch Nad or Panj Ab, the Hakra had, with some difficulty, con¬ 
tinued up to this period to be a perennial stream, and on this account, 
when it (including its tributary the Sutlaj) 679 reached near to Kand- 
harah or Kandharo and Wanjh-rut, near where the Hakra, as long as 
the Panch Nad continued to unite with it at Dosh-i-A'b, sent off the 
branch towards Aror (which had subsequently been diverted towards 
the lime-stone range, which at first it passed on the north and west), 
it now, likewise, separated into two channels, the western-most or 
minor of the two, entered the channel of the Ra’in or Ra’ini or old 
diverted channel, and struggled on towards Aror. 580 During seasons 
of inundation, the overflow waters from the Panch Nad or Panj A'b, 
as far north as Ghaus-pur above which the ancient junction used to be, 
678 This is the period referred to in the Tarfkh-i-Tahiri, which says, that “ That 
part of Sind which is now flourishing [when written in 1621 A.D.] was a mere 
waste at the period of the rale of the Sumrah’s, between 700 H. (1300 A.D.) and 
843 H. (1439 A.D.), owing to the decrease of the Ab-i-Sind, namely the Panj Ab 
[including the Ab-i-Sind], which from Bakliar [as it is therein spelt] downwards, is 
called the Bahmin [the old Panch Nad as before described]. No water flowed 
towards those then waste parts. * * * The chief town of the Sumrahs was 
Muhammad Tur.” The writer refers here to the period when the Sammah tribe was 
in a flourishing condition ; and it must not be supposed that by the Panj Ab or the 
Sind that the Ab-i-Sind or Indus is referred to, because he immediately adds res¬ 
pecting it, the diversion of the stream passing Aror on the east, and relates the 
tradition already narrated at page 484, namely, “ Below the city of Aror [the city 
was built chiefly on the skirt of the rocky hills, but its suburbs probably extended 
some distance farther east] the river of the Panj Ab flowed, which was likewise 
called by the names of Hakra, Wahindah, and Wa-han, and other names, for it 
changes almost at every village it passes After fertilizing the country the river 
unites with the ocean.” 
The dates given by the Tarikh-i-Tahiri above, are totally wrong even by its own 
statements, otherwise, when did the Sammahs come into power ? The Sumrahs 
acquired power in Lar, Debal, or Lower Sind about 261 H. (874-75 A.D.), and in 
738 H. (1337-38 A.D .) they fell, and the Sammahs rose. Their power lasted, inde¬ 
pendently from 752 H. (1351 A.D.) to 927 H. (1520 A.D.), when the rule of the 
Sammahs was subverted by the Arghun Mughals. See the latter part of note 315, 
page 317. 
679 The Hakra having lost its last chief tributary in losing the Sutlaj — for the 
Ghag-ghar, and its tributaries, could not alone, except in time of floods, reach 
much beyond the points where in former periods the other rivers used to add their 
waters to it — it from that time, may be said to have ceased to flow. 
680 This seems to be what Salbanke refers to as the river Damiadee, or very 
much like it. Since he visited Bakhar, no doubt many changes, that we know not 
of, may have taken place. See note 572, page 493. 
