504 H. G. Raverty —The Mihrdn of Sind and its Tributaries. [Ex. No. 
most erratic of all the rivers in this part, instead of flowing in a south¬ 
westerly direction on leaving the hills near Ruh-par by Cham-kaur, 
and! running by Farid Kot, Makti-sar, and Bagh-sar, towards Baha- 
wal-piir to unite with the Hakra, as it had previously done, turned 
sharply towards the west on issuing from the hills, then turned more 
towards the north-west, near Ludhianali, towards Fil-ur, and united 
temporarily with the river Biah at Loh-Wal or Lohi-Wal, when the 
united streams lost their respective names and became known as the 
Harfari, Nurni, or Nili. This united stream after flowing for about 
twenty-one miles, again began to separate between Kasur and Debal- 
pur, and, soon after, separated into three, instead of into two streams, 
as they had previously been. The Biah, it must be remembered, con¬ 
tinued to flow in its own independent channel, which it had never left 
within the range of history, except to change, as it probably did, from 
one side to the other and back again in the space constituting its bed, 
which hereabouts is from eighteen to twenty miles broad ; and on this 
fresh separation it still continued to flow in it as before under its own 
name. The middle branch of the three, above referred to, was of minor 
importance with respect to the other two, and was then known as the 
Dandah, 582 which ran almost parallel to the Biah, by Mails! and Lodh- 
ran towards Jalal-pur. The third turned more to the south on sepa¬ 
rating, passed Ajuddhan, or the Pak Pattan, or Holy Town, ten or 
twelve miles on the east and south, and regained its name of Sutlaj. 
These three branches having flowed apart for just one hundred kuroh, 
or one hundred and seventy-five miles, 533 again converged towards 
each other, the Sutlaj passing near Bahawal-pur on the north, re-united 
with the middle branch or Dandah, and then with the Biah once more, 
about five miles to the westward of Jalal-pur above-mentioned, and 
formed the Ghallu Gharah or Gharah, 534 all three branches thus losing 
their old names for this new one. 
Thus the Dandah and Sutlaj having re-united with the Biah and 
become the Gharah, with a considerable volume of water, pushed 
farther westwards from the place of junction, and met the united Bihat, 
Ohin-ab, and Rawi. They thus formed a fresh Panch Nad or Panj 
632 The meaning assigned to Dandah by the people of this part bas been pre¬ 
viously mentioned. 
58E The middle branch did not flow apart quite so far, as it united with the 
Sutlaj before it again united with the Biah, as already stated. 
634 Some persons have supposed that Gharah means ‘ mud,’ ‘ silt,’ etc., but 
such is not the case, this word is written and while gara means 
‘ mud,’ ‘ earth mixed as mortar,’ or ‘ earth prepared for potters.’ See also note 73, 
page 183. 
