Chang et al. • ALTITUDINAL CHANGES OF 8 15 N AND S 13 C IN MONTANE BIRDS 47 
ratios of carbon and nitrogen in feathers indicate 
seasonal dietary shifts in Northern Fulmars. Auk 
112:493-498. 
Wassenaar, L. I. and K. A. Hobson. 1998. Natal origins 
of migratory monarch butterflies at wintering colonies 
in Mexico: new isotopic evidence. Proceedings of the 
National Academy of Sciences of the USA 95:15436- 
15439. 
Wassenaar, L. 1. and K. A. Hobson. 2000. Stable-carbon 
and hydrogen isotope ratios reveal breeding origins of 
Red-winged Blackbirds. Ecological Applications 
10:911-916. 
Wassenaar, L. I. and K. A. Hobson. 2006. Stable- 
hydrogen isotope heterogeneity in keratinous materi¬ 
als: mass spectrometry and migratory wildlife tissue 
subsampling strategies. Rapid Communications in 
Mass Spectrometry 20:2505-2510. 
Webster, M. S., P. P. Marra, S. M. Haig, S. Bensch, and 
R. T. Holmes. 2002. Links between worlds: unravel¬ 
ing migratory connectivity. Trends in Ecology and 
Evolution 17:76-83. 
Xu, G. S. and Z. T. Lin. 1984. The survey of flora and their 
ecology in Taroko National Park. Taroko National 
Park, Hualian, Taiwan. 
Xu, Y. F. 2006. The community and function of insects in 
Taroko National Park (1). Taroko National Park, 
Hualian, Taiwan. 
Xu, Y. F. 2007. The community and function of insects in 
Taroko National Park (2). Taroko National Park, 
Hualian, Taiwan. 
Yi, X. F. and Y. Q. Yang. 2006. Enrichment of stable 
carbon and nitrogen isotopes of plant populations and 
plateau pikas along altitudes. Journal of Animal and 
Feed Sciences 15:661-667. 
APPENDIX 1. Post hoc t -test of MANOVA for feather isotopic values (%o) from sites of omnivorous birds. Asterisks 
and plus signs indicate significant (P < 0.05) and no (P > 0.05) differences between sites, respectively. The code for each 
site corresponds to Fig. 1 and Table 1. 
BL (339 m) 
SI (956 m) 
LO (1,179 m) 
BS (2,231 m) 
GY (2,415 m) 
DY (2,500 m) HF (2,740 m) SF (2,876 m) 
BL (339 m) 
SI (956 m) 
+ 
LO (1,179 m) 
+ 
+ 
BS (2,231 m) 
+ 
+ 
+ 
GY (2,415 m) 
* 
+ 
* 
* 
DY (2,500 m) 
+ 
+ 
* 
* 
* 
HF (2,740 m) 
* 
+ 
* 
* 
+ 
* 
SF (2,876m) 
+ 
+ 
* 
* 
* 
+ * 
APPENDIX 2. Post hoc t -test of MANOVA for feather isotopic values (%o) from sites of insectivorous birds. 
Asterisks and plus signs indicate significant (P < 0.05) and no (P > 0.05) differences between sites, respectively. The code 
for each site corresponds to Fig. 1 and Table 1. 
BL (339 m) 
SI (956 m) 
LO (1,179 m) 
BS (2,231 m) 
GY (2,415 m) 
DY (2,500 m) HF (2,740 m) SF (2,876 m) 
BL (339 m) 
SI (956 m) 
+ 
LO (1,179 m) 
* 
* 
BS (2,231 m) 
* 
+ 
* 
GY (2,415 m) 
* 
+ 
* 
+ 
DY (2,500 m) 
* 
* 
* 
+ 
+ 
HF (2,740 m) 
* 
* 
* 
+ 
+ 
+ 
SF (2,876 m) 
* 
+ 
* 
+ 
+ 
+ + 
