Rheindt et al. • LEAPFROG PATTERN IN PTILINOPUS FRUIT DOVES 
437 
patric in light of the paleo-climatic evidence that 
suggests several mergers—each lasting 10.000- 
50.000 years—within the last 3 million years 
(Lambeck and Chappell 2001, Siddall et al. 2003, 
Bintanja et al. 2005, Thompson and Goldstein 
2005. Caputo 2007). The occurrence of consider¬ 
able gene flow during these repeated periods 
would have obliterated the vocal and plumage 
differences between the two taxa. Also. 
20,000 years since the last glacial maximum are 
not sufficient to develop strongly divergent 
character suites (e.g., Weir and Schluter 2008). 
The taxonomic status of epia under the BSC is 
more complicated, since it has not overlapped 
with subgularis. However, vocal differences 
between subgularis and epia are as pronounced 
as between P. subgularis and P. mangoliensis, 
indicating the need to consider epia as a distinct 
species as well. Vocal variation within Sulawesi 
further supports species-level status of P. epia. 
We observed differences in song pace (Table 2) 
between the two populations of epia in Sulawesi. 
These differences are audible to the human ear as 
the Central Sulawesi population utters the 
'whoop' notes at a slightly slower pace than the 
North Sulawesi population. Barring long-distance 
overwater dispersal over the Maluku Sea. sub¬ 
gularis is geographically much closer to the 
Central Sulawesi population of epia than to birds 
from North Sulawesi. If epia and subgularis were 
conspecific and vocally approached each other 
with decreasing geographic distance, however, wc 
would expect Central Sulawesi populations of 
epia to have a faster song than birds from the 
north. 
We propose the English name Maroon-chinned 
Fruit Dove should continue to be used for the 
super-species containing all three taxa. but that 
new English names should be used for the three 
individual species to preclude taxonomic confu¬ 
sion. We suggest "Oberholser's Fruit Dove” as a 
name for P. epia from Sulawesi. This name refers 
to the describer of epia and has previously been 
used for the taxon (Gibbs et al. 2001). We further 
suggest "Sula Fruit Dove” as a name for P. 
mangoliensis and "Banggai Fruit Dove” as a 
name for P. subgularis. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
We thank Bas van Baton. Mark van Beirs, Mike Catsis, 
Pete Davidson. Bram Demeulemeester. Pete Morris, and 
Dominique Verbelen for providing their recordings. 
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