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THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol. 123. No. 3. September 2011 
TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics (x = mean, r = range, n = sample size) of four measurements (mm) from male and 
female O. megalotis, O. everetti, O. nigrorum , and Mimizuku*. 
Males 
Females 
Wing _™_ Culmen _ Tarsus Wing Tail Culmen Tarsus 
X 
r 
n 
x 
n 
x 
n 
x 
r 
n 
megalotis 
175.09 
94.81 
23.11 
28.92 
165-187 
85-112 
19.3-26.3 
25.5-32.2 
11 
11 
10 
10 
everetti 
158.5 
82.1 
21.29 
22.08 
152-166 
70-103 
20.2-22.6 
20-26.4 
10 
10 
10 
10 
nigrorum 
134.75 
73.75 
19.6 
23.2 
132-139 
69-78 
18-21.6 
22.5-23.6 
4 
4 
4 
4 
Mimizuku 
223.6 
121 
30.125 
34.25 
213-230 
115-126 
26.5-32.1 
30.5-37.2 
5 
3 
4 
4 
megalotis 
190.9 
102.6 
25.7 
29.88 
171-210 
92-117 
24.2-26.9 
26.3-36 
10 
10 
10 
10 
everetti 
162.87 
86.5 
22.02 
23.74 
150-176 
74-99 
20.2-23.4 
22.3-25.2 
8 
8 7 
7 
nigrorum 
148.33 
80.66 
19.93 
21.73 
141-159 
77-85 
19.3-20.5 
19.5-23.5 
3 
3 
3 
3 
Mimizuku 
263.5 
145.5 
35.95 
38.8 
242-285 
140-151 
35.4-36.5 
35.5-42.1 
2 
2 
2 
2 
47* 7657 ™?. E 7 )Sr d 74?S J SnH toThI• '4477 52949. 5245.,55817, 65386, 70(144- 
67269; CMNH 33937, 36489-90 38101 DM £. H '^’54-58. 19819-20. 40554. 
36764-65, 36909. 40325.SK CMNH 34.72, 
Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand). Base composition 
was 30% adenine. 36% cytosine, 11% guanine, 
and 23% thymine. No stop codon was observed’ 
The cyt -b sequences downloaded from Genbank 
were 890 bp in length, 164 bp shorter than the cyt- 
b sequences generated in our laboratory. Wc 
analyzed 24 taxa for cyt -b and 23 ND2 sequences. 
We used the 50% majority rule for the Bavesian 
analysis for the concatenated data set: a majority 
of the nodes were strongly supported, and were 
congruent with the ML tree (In = 10523.52' 
Fig. 2) The MP analyses (9 equally parsimonious 
trees of 1.412 steps. Cl = 0.6671. R1 = 0 8135) 
were similar in terms of topology and values of 
supported nodes with both the Bayesian and ML 
tree. The sister relationship of M. gurnevi and O 
lettia ussurtensis, however, was weakly supported 
m all analyses (MP and ML bootstrap value = 57 
vafue - wTr e ' J ; : BayCS P ° StCrinr P "’ babilit >' 
• . topologies within species/subspe- 
cies of O. longicomis, O. mints. O. m. everetti. 
and O. m . megalotis had moderate statistical 
nodes' 1 3nd WCre Characterized b y s hort inter- 
The Philippine lowland scops owls appear to be 
monophyletic with a «. megalotis Z O. m 
1 fr °m Luzon forming a sister clade. and O 
theToTh 3nay/NegrcS ,X>sitioned basa < to 
two other races. A subclade within the 
lowland Otus assemblage included 0. bakka- 
moena. O. lempiji, and O. lettia. The second 
major clade comprised montane forms of 0. 
longicomis, (). mints, and the non-Philippine 
endemic O. sunia. Within the Philippine montane 
clade, O. longicomis of Luzon and O. mints of 
Mindanao formed a strongly-supported clade with 
O. sunia. The Indo-Malayan 0. sunia formed a 
clade together with O. insu/aris, O. capnodes, 0. 
rnnyottensis , O. rutilus, O. pauliani. and 0. 
mvheliensis of the Comoro Islands and Madagas¬ 
car (Fuchs et al. 2008). The Mindoro Scops Owl 
(O. mindorensis ) was not represented in our study 
but was previously found to be embedded within 
this clade (Mindell et al. 1997, Miranda et al. 
1997). Except for the O. longicomis clade, and 
the Otus lettia/Mimizuku gumeyi branch, most 
basal nodes were strongly supported in MP and 
ML with 100% bootstrap, and by 1.0 posterior 
probability in Bayesian analysis (Fig. 2). 
Pairwise Sequence Divergence .—The uncor¬ 
rected-p sequence divergence distances showed 
significant differences among the three clades: (1) 
the Philippine lowland endemic Otus (including 
Mimizuku), (2) the non-Philippine lowland Otus. 
and (3) the montane clade (Table 3). We selected 
the nearest-neighbor values as a conservative 
measure of distance in view of the small sample 
size used in this study. Pairwise estimates of 
