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THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol. 123. No. 3. September 2011 
evolution of less sexually dimorphic traits in 
boliviano suggests a complex change in repro¬ 
ductive behavior and that the two taxa are likely 
behaviorally reproductively isolated. 1 propose the 
local Quechua name, which means forked-tail, as 
the English name Palkachupa Cotinga for Phiba- 
lura boliviano, an endemic species for Bolivia. 
CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS 
The Swallow-tailed Cotinga is considered near 
threatened (IUCN 2010) and a high research 
priority (Parker et al. 1996). Its threatened status 
was based only on known information for 
flavirostris. I estimate, based on field observa¬ 
tions, that 400 to 500 boliviano individuals are 
within a broken ring of fragmented habitat 
surrounding the town of Apolo (William Ferru- 
fino, unpubl. data). Given the habitat destruction 
in the Apolo area in the last 100 years, boliviano 
qualifies as critically endangered (lb2c) under 
IUCN criteria for its declining small population 
due to continual habitat loss. Endangered status is 
supported by its small range and small population. 
Much of this range continues to be deforested and 
burned for cattle pasture and agricultural areas 
within Madidi National Park's area of Integrated 
Management. The largest population is outside of 
Madidi National Park, around the original collec¬ 
tion site of Aten. 
ACKNOWLEDG MENTS 
I thank Nigel Simpson for supporting Armonta’s 
Important Bird Area program research. I am grateful for 
the collaborative efforts and logistical assistance of Robert 
Wallace and Lilian Painter of the Living Landscapes 
Program of the Wildlife Conservation Society, financed by 
USAID/Global and WCS International through cooperative 
agreement LAG-A-00-99-00047-00. The opinions ex¬ 
pressed are those of the author and do not necessarily 
reflect USAID criteria. 1 thank the Bolivian Protected Areas 
Service (SERNAP) for permission to work in Madidi 
National Park. Research assistance was received from Peter 
Capainolo and Paul Sweet (American Museum of Natural 
History, New York). Jon Fjeldsd (Zoological Museum. 
University of Copenhagen). Alison Harding and David 
Snow (Natural History Museum. Tring) and specimen 
research at Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science. I 
appreciate Peter Capainolo's measurement assistance. 
William Fcrrufino's Palkachupa Conservation Program 
research was graciously supported by Gwen Brewer. 
forPlanet, Neotropical Bird Club Conservation Award. 
Nuttall Ornithological Club Charles Blake Fund, and 
Sweden Club 100. I appreciate the assistance of Greg 
Budney. Martha Fischer, and the Cornell Laboratory of 
Ornithology's Macaulay Library of Natural Sounds for loan 
of equipment, tapes and archiving, and reference assistance. 
I am grateful for assistance from J. C. Atienza, Pedro 
Develey, Graham Martin. Roger McDonough. Alex Jahn. 
Michael Kessler. Niels Krabbe. Jon FjelsdS, Alvaro 
Jarainillo, Ross Maclcod. Fernando Pacheco. R. O. Pmm. 
K. G. Smith, Mileniusz Spanowicz. Nigel Simpson, Sandro 
Valdez. J. V. Remsen, R. S. Ridgely. Jeremy Speck, and 
Bret Whitney. I thank Sebastian Herzog for assistance with 
the manuscript, and Ross Macleod for assistance with the 
manuscript and spectrograms. Gracias a Rolando Cuevas. 
Ramiro Cuevas, Cosmo Cuevas. Florel Portillo, Osmar 
Portillo y Victor Chavez para la ayuda en el campo. 
LITERATURE CITED 
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