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THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol 123, No. 3, September 2011 
TABLE 1. Select biometrics useful for gender classification for nine species captured on Saipan. 2008-2009, including 
267 museum specimens examined prior to initial field work in 2008. Mass of Mariana Fruit Dove and female Nightingale 
Reed Warbler was excluded because of small sample sizes. 
Male 
Female 
Species 
Measurement 
Mean * SD (n) 
Range 
Mean ± SD (n) 
Range 
White-throated Ground Dove 
Wing chord (mm) 
142.3 ± 6.0 (26) 
130-152 
132.8 ± 4.2 (26) 
126-141 
Mass (g) 
114.4 ± 13.8 (15) 
100.9-139.7 
100.3 ± 10.4(18) 
783-126.1 
Mariana Fruit Dove 
Wing chord (mm) 
127.9 ± 2.9 (18) 
124-137 
123.3 ± 2.9(14) 
118-128 
Collared Kingfisher 
Wing chord (mm) 
113.6 ± 3.1 (24) 
108-118 
116.2 ± 3.2 (29) 
110-125 
Mass (g) 
79.3 ± 5.4 (16) 
66.4-86.1 
84.3 * 5.6(19) 
75.4-94.8 
Micronesian Myzomela 
Wing chord (mm) 
71.8 ± 2.9 (72) 
62-79 
64.9 ± 1.9(45) 
61-73 
Rufous Fantail 
Mass (g) 
14.2 ± 1.5 (56) 
10.0-17.5 
11.8 + 1.5 (37) 
9.9-16.8 
Wing chord (mm) 
67.3 ± 1.6 (67) 
62-70 
65.0 ± 1.5 (94) 
60-69 
Nightingale Reed Warbler 
Mass (g) 
8.2 ± 0.4 (56) 
7.1-9.0 
7.9 ^ 0.6 (81) 
6.8—9.5 
Wing chord (mm) 
Mass (g) 
87.6 ± 2.2 (9) 
34.6 ± 1.0 (4) 
84-91 
33.5-35.5 
82.0 ± 2.9 (4) 
79-86 
Bridled White-eye 
Wing chord (mm) 
52.3 ± 1.6 (64) 
48-61 
51.5 ± 1.4(70) 
49-55 
Golden White-eye 
Mass (g) 
7.4 ± 0.5 (48) 
6.1-8.7 
8.0 + 0.7 (59) 
6.6—9.6 
Wing chord (mm) 
75.3 ± 3.1 (125) 
64-83 
70.5 ± 2.7 (90) 
63-78 
Mass (g) 
20.3 ± 1.7 (113) 
14.7-25.1 
16.2 ± 1.5 (80) 
13-21 
Culmen (mm) 
15.6 ± 0.8 (35) 
14.4-16.4 
13.1 ± 0.7(17) 
11.4-14.2 
Micronesian Starling 
Narcs to tip (mm) 
10.5 ± 0.6 (35) 
9.8-12.2 
8.9 •+■ 0.4 (21) 
8.0-9.5 
Wing chord (mm) 
129.5 ± 3.6 (26) 
124-137 
121.0 ± 2.6(16) 
115-124 
Mass (g) 
84.8 ± 3.0 (13) 
78.7-88.0 
80.8 ± 9.0 (4) 
72.1-93.2 
complete. One to three secondaries between 
secondaries 1 and 7 (of 11 total) can be retained 
during both PF and DPB. FCF birds often exhibit 
limits between formative and juvenal secondaries 
and, at times, within the greater coverts. Older 
birds often have one generation of feathers but can 
show retained juvenal (in SCB birds) or definitive 
(in TCB or older birds) secondaries, often among 
secondary 4 and secondaries 7-9. Juvenile 
females are brown with a broad cinnamon tail 
band and broad rufous to cinnamon edging on the 
primary and secondary coverts. DCB females are 
similar to juveniles in appearance but have 
narrower and paler edging on the primary and 
secondary' coverts. Juvenile males are similar to 
juvenile females but lack a cinnamon tail band. 
FCF males are distinctive and have variable 
amounts of gray on the head and nape, and white 
on the throat and breast. The grayish-brown juvenal 
body plumage is largely retained and mottled with 
purple formative feathers on the back. DCB males 
have brown body plumage with purplish and 
copper iridescence on the back and wings, and 
varying amounts of white on the head, throat, and 
upper breast. The amount of white plumage in 
males may be age-dependent with more brown or 
gray mottling in younger (e.g., SCB and TCB) 
birds and less in older birds, but confirmation of 
plumage maturation rates is needed. Both males 
and females may have BPs and biometrics may be 
helpful with ascertaining gender (Tabic 1). 
Mariana Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus roseicupillo: n 
~ 33 specimens, four individuals, four captures). 
Both PF and DPB are incomplete to complete. 
Most apparent limits in the primaries or second¬ 
aries may be due to protracted or suspended molt, 
but retention of one to three secondaries (of 10 
total) during incomplete molt also occurs, most 
often among secondaries 7 and 8. Juvenal primary 
10 is thick, rounded, and dull brown in juveniles 
(FCJ) and molting FCF birds, and the juvenal 
rectrices and secondaries are narrow. Primary 1U 
in DCB and complete FCF birds is thinner and 
more pointed, and the rectrices and secondaries 
are broader. Older DCB birds (at least TCB) can 
show mixed generations of definitive secondaries 
FCF and DCB males have more extensive 
magenta on the crown, a bluish-tinge on the nape, 
and a broader yellow tail band whereas FCF and 
DCB females have less magenta in the crown, 
little to no bluish-coloring on the nape, and a faint 
yellow tail band. Both males and females may 
have BPs and biometrics appear to be of limited 
use for assigning gender (Table 1). 
Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris', n - 
17 specimens, 72 individuals, 91 captures). PF> S 
