Rodrigues and Rodrigues • CHARACTERISTICS OF HYACINTH VISORBEARERS 729 
TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (body mass, total length, wing chord, tail length, tarsus length, occipital width, 
and bill length) of adult and juvenile, and male and female Hyacinth Visorbearers in the Alto do PaMcio, Brazil. 
Males 
Females 
Characteristics 
Adults 
Juveniles 
Adults 
Juveniles 
Body mass (g) 
Mean ± SD 
3.5 ± 0.2 
3.4 ± 0.3 
2.3 ± 0.23 
3.2 ± 0.3 
Range 
3-4 
3-3.9 
2.7-3.8 
2.8-3.8 
n 
42 
23 
28 
8 
Total length (mm) 
Mean ± SD 
89.4 ± 4 
86.5 ± 7.4 
87.3 ± 3.2 
87.3 ± 3.2 
Range 
81-99 
77-95 
80-97 
80-94 
n 
43 
22 
27 
8 
Wing chord (mm) 
Mean ± SD 
52.6 ± 2.9 
52.2 ± 2.23 
51.1 ± 2.4 
50.2 ± 3.2 
Range 
46-56 
48-55 
46-56 
44-53 
n 
44 
23 
27 
8 
Tail length (mm) 
Mean ± SD 
34 ± 2.1 
34.1 ± 2.1 
32.2 ± 2.4 
33.8 ± 2.8 
Range 
30-38 
31-39 
29.2-37 
29-38 
n 
43 
21 
27 
8 
Occipital width (mm) 
Mean ± SD 
30.8 ± 0.8 
30.3 ± 0.7 
29.1 ± 0.9 
29.1 ± 0.9 
Range 
29.5-33 
28.8-31.4 
27-30.5 
27.6-30.5 
n 
21 
17 
20 
8 
Tarsus length (nun) 
Mean ± SD 
4.6 ± 0.6 
4.4 ± 0.7 
4.3 ± 0.5 
4.3 ± 0.4 
Range 
3.6-5.5 
3.6-5.4 
3.2-5 
3.2-4.3 
n 
33 
20 
23 
8 
Bill length (mm) 
Mean ± SD 
18.5 ± 1.6 
17.5 ± 1.6 
17.2 ± 0.7 
17.3 ± 0.7 
Range 
16-22 
11.9-18.9 
15.8-18.6 
16.4-19.2 
n 
44 
22 
27 
8 
44). and shorter overall body length (P = 0.04, t 
- 1.7, n = 65) than adult males (Table I). The 
wing chord of juvenile males was longer than for 
juvenile females (P = 0.03, / = -1.8 . n — 33). as 
was the occipital width (P - 0.002. i = —3.1, n = 
26). Adult males had longer wing chord (P = 
0.02. t = -2.4, n = 71), tarsus length (P = 0.04, l 
= -2.3, n = 54). tail length (P = 0.012, t = 
-2.6, n = 70), bill length (P = 0.007, i = -4.5, n 
= 71). occipital width (P < 0.001. i = —2.6, n 
47 1 . total length (P = 0.025, / = -2.4, n = 70), 
and greater body mass (P < 0.001, / = -5.5, n = 
68) than females (Table 1). 
All variables included in the PCA were 
positively correlated with PC I with body mass, 
wing length, and total length variables having 
greater weight (Table 2). Individuals with higher 
scores on PC I tended to be larger with greater 
total length, body mass, bill length, wing chord, 
and occipital width. PC II described the differ¬ 
ences in tarsus and tail lengths. Individuals with 
higher scores on PC II had shorter wing chord and 
greater tarsus length. The first two principal 
components of the PCA (PC I and II) explained 
almost 60% of the variation in the total sample 
(Table 2). The plot of the scores for PC I and II 
indicate a strong difference between males and 
females (Fig. 2). The discriminant analysis cor¬ 
rectly classified 92.4% of subjects (91.3% of 
females and 93.3% of males). 
Description of Juvenile Plumage .—Thirty-four 
juvenile Hyacinth Visorbearers were captured. 
Besides coloration, juveniles were molting feath¬ 
ers along the whole body, it was not possible to 
assign gender to three captured individuals, which 
were predominantly gray on the throat, chest, and 
