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The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 1 23(4):835-840, 2011 
Vocal Distinctiveness and Information Coding in a Suboscine with Multiple 
Song Types: Eastern Wood-Pewee 
J. Alan Clark 13 and Justina Leung 1 - 2 
ABSTRACT.—We tested individual distinctiveness. 
1 prerequisite for individual recognition, in the songs of 
!t * suboscine Eastern Wood-Pcwee (Contopus virens) 
Male Eastern Wood-Pewces produce two main song 
types: 'pee-ah-wee' and "wee-ooo* songs. All song 
Department of Biological Sciences. Fordham University, 
Larkin 370,441 Eusl Fordham Road, Bronx. NY 10458. USA. 
Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, 
University of Connecticut. 352 Mansfield Road, Stores, CT 
<*269, USA. 
Corresponding author; e-mail: jaclark@fordham.edu 
variables for both song types, including temporal and 
frequency variables, showed greater between than 
within individual variation. Thus, both song types 
contained the potential to code information on individ¬ 
ual identity and quality. Pee-ah-wee songs were more 
variable than wee-ooo songs, and pee-ah-wee frequency 
variable measures were the most variable. We correctly 
assigned 97.5% of pee-ah-wee songs and 95.0% of wee- 
ooo songs to the bird of origin-demonstrating individual 
distinctiveness in both main song types. Received 14 
March 201 J. Accepted 27 June 20J /. 
