COLIINM . 
81 
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the cell; submedian vein slightly waved. Mindwing broadly obconical ; precostal 
vein very short; costal vein bent upward at the precostal; first subcostal branch at 
one-third before end of the cell; the cell very broad; discocellulars very oblique, 
lower bent near the middle, the radial from the angle; middle median branch at 
nearly one-fifth, and lower at nearly one-half before end of the cell; submedian vein 
straight, internal vein slightly curved. Body stout; thorax clothed with long silky 
hairs; palpi porrect, projecting one-third beyond the head, second joint laxly 
squamose, third short; legs slender; antennas gradually thickened to end, tip blunt. 
Male. Foreiving beneath with an elongated brush-like tuft of long, fine silky hairs 
extending along the edge of the posterior margin, from the base to near one-half its 
length, this tuft is either recumbent and flattened, along the margin of the wing, 
or, it is sometimes exserted and outspread, and is then projected in its entire 
length, along the upper side of the wing. Hindiving above with a conspicuous 
elongated-oval raised patch of glandular scales extending above the subcostal vein 
to its first branch, this patch being visibly opaque on holding the wing up to the 
light. 
Larva. —Cylindrical, slender, granulated ; green or grey, with black dots, and 
a lateral pale line. Feeds on Cassia ( Leguminosce ). Pcjpa moderately stout, pointed 
at each end, dor sally humped. 
Type.— C. Crocale. 
Migratory Habits: in Ceylon. —Dr. N. Manders writes : u Catopsilia Pyranthe 
occurs in Ceylon under many different forms, three of which, besides Pyranthe, have 
received names. Ilea , Ghryseis , and Gnoma. The latter is usually called the dry- 
season form, and Ghryseis the wet, and though Gnoma is certainly more common in 
the dry, it is by no means confined to the dry months, neither is Ghryseis confined 
to the wet . It may be said that all the forms occur indiscriminately all the year 
round, and my first object was to ascertain which was the dry form and which the 
wet, and what would be the several effects of heat, moisture, &c., on the larvae and 
pupae. The first thing was to ascertain the proportion of each variety, and this I 
left in Mr. Wickwar’s hands, and in tlie month of February, 1903, during a 
migratory flight, he captured sixty specimens, the weather at the time being very 
dry and hot. He mentions that 75 per cent, were males,.and quite 
independently we had observed that the wet-season flight in November and December 
were almost all females. I cannot account for this further than to say that possibly 
during the dry months, owing to a more scanty and drier foliage, the female larvae 
succumbed ; whereas with the damper and more luscious foliage of the wet months 
they had no difficulty in surviving. The mystery of these migrations may be 
explained, to some extent, by this preponderance of the sexes during the different 
flights. By a coincidence, a migratory flight of butterflies was in full swing on the day 
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VOL. VII. 
