C0LI1NM. 
89 
received each named form from the Khasia Hills (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1898, 309). Mr. 
H. J. Elwes records it as “ not uncommon, in Sikkim, up to 3,000 feet from March 
to December; and I have it from Nepal and Bhotan ” (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 411). 
Mr. L. de Niceville also records it from Sikkim, “being a common species at low 
elevations almost throughout the year. It i& not, I think, seasonably dimorphic, 
the innumerable varieties which are found in both sexes occurring at all times ” 
(Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894, 166). We possess specimens of the Wet and Dry form 
from Nepal, taken by the late General G. Ramsay. In Ceylon, Mr. F. M. Mack wood 
obtained it “ principally in the lower and middle ranges. In the flights along the 
sea-coast, beginning generally in November, this species of Catopsilia forms about a 
third of the number, always travelling to the north ; the flights lasting for days, 
thousands of them passing in an hour.” Capt. Hutchinson found it “ everywhere, 
in the Plains and Hills up to 6,000 feet, in forest and cultivated land; have taken 
them at almost all times. Flight strong and quick; sits in crowds on damp spots 
of roadside” (Lep. Ceylon, i. 122). Col. C. H. E. Adamson records it as being 
“ common throughout Burma. Sometimes met with in immense quantities after the 
first shower of rain in April” (List, Burm. Butt. p. 41, 1897). Dr. N. Manders 
found it “ the most abundant of the Pierinte in the Shan States, and found 
everywhere ” (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 533). Mr. O. Limborg obtained it in “ Upper 
Tenasserim, at Hatseiga, Nathoang, and Moolai, 3,000 to 6,000 feet” (P. Z. S. 
1878, 837). Dr. J. Anderson obtained Groeale and Gatilla at “ Thaing, King- 
Island, Mergui Archipelago, in January ; and Gatilla also at Elphinstone Island in 
March, and in Mergui, in December” (J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 49). We possess 
it from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, taken by Mr. F. de Roepstorff. Mr. 11. 
Druce received it from “ Siam ” (P. Z. S. 1873, 355). Mr. J. H. Leech obtained it 
at Kukiang, C. China. Mr. H. Fruhstorfer has received it from “Siam, Annam, 
and Tonkin ” (D. Ent. Zeit. 1902, 273). Mr. W. Distant obtained it from 
“ Province Wellesley and Malacca, Malay Peninsula, and Penang” (Rhop. Malay. 
296). In Sumatra Dr. L. Martin observed “ Groeale to be the commonest species of 
Catopsilia: I have bred it, and Gatilla, from found larvae, and have failed to discover 
any differences in the larva and pupa. Groeale is enormously common, and occurs 
throughout the year. The males are fond of flowers, and especially of the Hibiscus 
rosa-sinensis. The larva feeds on the leaves of Cassia Jlorida, and sometimes in 
company with Gat. Pyranthe, on Cassia alata. Groeale is far the commoner form, 
occurring on roads, near houses and gardens, and is never found in the forest. It 
sometimes appears in great numbers, in which case the larvae are very destructive, 
as in January, 1893, near the Pcengei Estate, they destroyed in a short time a fine 
plantation of young iron-wood trees, Go.ssia florida, valued at least at $3,000, by 
eating up all the leaves and suffocating the plants. All the grass, and every low 
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