40 
GUIDE TO THE 
quadrupeds In which there arc an equal number of toes 
to each foot, two or four in number ; and a striking ex¬ 
ample of the non-ruminant section, besides the animals 
mentioned above, is the Hippopotamus or river-horse of 
Africa ; while the ruminant section embraces the oxen, 
sheep, goats, antelopes, giraffes, deer, camels, llamas, 
&c. One of the characteristic features of the hogs, 
or Snides is the elongated head, terminated by a long 
snout flattened at the extremity which is perforated 
by the nostrils, and is used for turning up the roots, &c., on 
which they live. This special modification of the nose 
is strengthened and adapted for its work by the existence 
of a pre-nasal bone, which results from the ossification 
of the cartilaginous septum which separates the nostrils 
and their backward passages. Another peculiar feature 
in them is the way in which the eye-teeth or canines 
of each jaw are directed upwards and outwards in both 
jaws, and these structures in the males become formi¬ 
dable weapons of offence and defence. The stomach 
of the pig presents certain structural characters in which the 
complicated stomach of the ruminant is foreshadowed. 
The wild Pig of India, Sus indicus , is so nearly related 
to the wild boar of Europe, that it may be regarded only 
as a race of that species. It occurs all over India, 
ascending the Himalaya and the hill-ranges of Southern 
and Central India to considerable altitudes, and extends 
into the Assam region, Arakan, Burmah and Tenasserim, 
and into the islands of the Malayan Archipelago where it 
occurs in great abundance. A dwarf race is also found 
in the Andamans. 
The rather elegant little pig, Porcula salvania , is very 
difficult to procure, but, at the same time, it is not un- 
