46 
GUIDE TO TI1E 
continuous handsome iron railing runs along the side 
of the foot-path, and railings of a similar pattern divide 
the paddocks from one another. 
The series begins with the hollow-horned ruminants, 
vtz., the sheep, goats, oxen and antelopes, and ends with 
the solid-horned ruminants, the various species of deer.' 
All the important ruminants in the Gardens are exhibited 
in these paddocks with the exception of the Giraffe, which 
has a special house and enclosure to itself in another part 
of the Gardens, and the little Anoa noticed before. As 
has already been said, the Artiodactyle section of the 
Ungulata or hoofed mammals, is divided into two great 
sections, the Non-ruminantia, and the Ruminantia. 
The distinguishing structural character of the true rumi¬ 
nants is the existence of four compartments in the stomach, 
a few having three, but none less. The stomach of a 
typical ruminant consists of four chambers, the one 
most to the left being a very large sac called the rumen 
or paunch , which communicates by a wide opening with 
the much smaller chamber on its right called the reti¬ 
culum or honeycomb from the folds of the mucous mem¬ 
brane which line the cavity crossing each other at right 
angles and producing a multitude of six-sided cells. 
An orifice in the right wall of the honeycomb stomach 
leads into another chamber, the mucous membrane of 
which is thrown into an immense number of deep longi¬ 
tudinal folds, lying over one another like the leaves of 
a book, and hence called the many-plies or psalterium , . 
This stomach, by an aperture on its right, leads into 
an elongated sac having a few longitudinal folds, and 
known as the rennet-stomach or abomasum. 
It is well known that in grazing, cattle feed rapidly 
