i8 
GUIDE TO THE 
which is essentially Indo-Chinese and not Indian, partaking 
also of Indo-Malayan characters, we find the Stump-tailed 
Macaque, M. arctoides , the most westerly representative 
of a short-tailed group or sub-section of the genus found in 
Eastern Asia, the islands of the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, 
and the Austro-Malayan section of the great Australian 
region where, by Macacus manrus , it is linked to the other 
subgeneric form, Cynopithecus niger , which in its turn 
manifests affinities to some of the African Apes. 
Macacus rhesus , the common monkey of India, is 
always to be found in this house, and also in other parts of 
the Gardens. It is very generally distributed over India, 
ascending the Himalaya to 7,000 feet, and it invariably 
dwells in communities, for monkeys generally manifest 
the social instinct as well as man. It is to the ignor¬ 
ing of this feature of their native disposition, that a 
great deal of the want of success that frequently attends 
the attempts to keep certain species alive in Zoological 
Gardens is to be attributed. This trait in their character is 
more highly marked in some than in others, and amongst 
the Langurs it is very pronounced, and this Garden al¬ 
ways failed to keep the Indian species alive until it was 
represented by a troop. As a rule it has been found, in 
the management of this Garden, that when monkeys are 
kept singly, they droop in spirits and neglect their toilets ; 
whereas if two or more are together, they mutually attend 
to personal cleanliness in the way which is so characteristic 
of their race, and of which habit we find the equivalent, 
if not the survival, among uncultivated races of men. 
Macacus rhesus among the Asiatic monkeys, and a 
nearly allied species found in the Island of Formosa, 
M. cyclopis , and probably also M, lasiotis of China, 
