54 GUIDE TO THE 
to the west of the Indus. Its eastern distribution extends to 
Midnapore, and it ranges into Assam, and large herds have 
been observed at Gowhatty and on both banks of the 
Brahmaputra. It generally associates in herds of twenty, in 
each of which an adult male appears to be lord and master, 
as he drives off the younger males as they begin to arrive at 
maturity, and to assume the characteristic dark, almost black 
colour which confers on the adult male the common term 
of Black-buck. The female is distinguished by a pale 
fawn upper surface, and by the absence of horns. In the act 
of running, this species executes remarkable jumps or 
upward and forward hops, exactly like the stotting of a 
ball, by which they easily clear an enclosure 6 feet in height. 
This antelope very well illustrates the large pouches that 
occur before the eyes in this group, and which are known 
as larmiers, and which in this species are capable of being 
turned inside out at the will of the animal. These sacs are 
lodged in a depression of the lachrymal bone, and contain 
follicles which secrete and discharge a peculiar thick and 
odorous substance, which is especially abundant in the 
Black-buck at the breeding season. The combats at this 
period are sometimes so serious, that they kill one another, 
butting each other after the manner of goats and rams. 
The characteristic external features of the adult male 
animal are its spirally twisted horns, dark upper parts, 
and white belly. 
That remarkable small Antelope with four horns, Te- 
traceros quadricornis , which is like the preceding species 
essentially characteristic of the Indian fauna, is represent¬ 
ed in the adjoining compound; its Hindustani name 
being “ Chousingha. ” It appears to extend as far 
west as the Indus, but it docs not occur in Lower Bengal 
