94 
GUIDE TO THE 
9th, the Pelicans ; ioth, the Gulls ; nth, the Grebes ; I2th, 
the Penguins, and 13th, the Tinnamous birds, found only 
in South America, and intermediate between the Carinatcz 
and the Ratitce. 
The Parrots belong to the second of these groups, 
known as the Picaricz; the Woodpecker (the Latin name 
of which is Picus ) having been taken as the type of the 
group. The Picarian birds are sub-divided into two sub¬ 
orders, the first containing the Woodpeckers and also the 
Parrots, Cuckoos, Honey-guides, Touracoes, Toucans and 
Barbets ; and the second, the Goatsuckers, Trogons, Swifts, 
Humming birds, Bee-eaters, Rollers, Motmots, Hoopoes, 
Puffbirds, Jacomars, Kingfishers and Hornbills. The first of 
these groups is known as Zygodactylcz, in allusion to the fact 
that all have their toes in pairs, two toes being directed 
forwards and two backwards. The second group consti¬ 
tutes the Fissirostres or wide gaping birds, and in these the 
toes are more or less connected together. All Picarian birds 
have one structural character in common, but one that is 
hidden from sight as it is found in the breast-bone which has 
always a double notch behind. The Parrots belong to the 
Zygodactylce , and there are two great sections of them, first 
the true parrots with large powerful bills, and second, the 
straight-billed parrots. The Cockatoos belong to the first 
section, and they are found only in the Molucca islands and 
in Australia. It will be observed that the lower bill or 
mandible, is very powerful, and that the cutting edges of 
the bill are indented behind the tip. The cockatoos form 
the Family Camptolophince , so called from the power they 
have of erecting and bending their crests forwards, a habit 
very well seen in Leadbeater’s Cockatoo when the bird is 
excited. 
