from “ Dsam Ling Gyeslie 
13 
1887 .] 
To the south of Yardok there is a large lake called Phag-tsho. Past 
Tsangrong you come to some monasteries, noted among which is Tsang 
NamsgyaZ DetshaZ, which adjoins the province of U. Here also are the 
estates of the Shapes born of the family of Thonmi Sambhota, as well as 
the birthplace of the latter, called Thonmi. To the east of these, in the 
province of U, lies the district of Kyisho, which is divided into two 
portions, called upper Kyisho and lower Kyisho. Lower Kyisho adjoins 
Tsang. Here lies the seat of the famous saint Dubthob Thangton, called 
PaZchhen rivo, together with 108 religious establishments. Towards the 
northern hill ranges are situated Mon-chog Gonpa (the seat of Rinchhen 
tsondu), Ri-tsar chhoikorling (a Gelugpa monastery), and several other 
monasteries (Chhyagchepa) and convents. To the east of these in the 
neighbourhood of the confluence of the Tsangpo and Kyi-clihu (the two 
rivers of Tsang and U) lies the town of Chhu-sul Jong with several ad¬ 
joining villages. To the east of this, at a distance of half a day’s march, 
is the large village of Jang, where annually during the spring and 
summer many learned Lamas congregate to discuss on the Tshan NyicZ 
philosophy. To the east of Jang are situated the monastery of Tag- 
tshang rawa-Toipa and the hermitage of that most learned and illustrious 
Lama LongdoZ Lossang, who is believed to be the reigning emperor of 
Shambliala. Rawa Toi and other ancient monasteries which formerly 
held different doctrines, such as those of the Sakya, Ningma, Karmapa, 
Dukpa, Kahdampa and Gelugpa schools, have now turned to Gelugpa 
institutions, as now-a-days the Gelugpa school includes the doctrines of 
Kahdampa and Tshan NicZ schools. So also the Digum, Tag and Ningma 
schools are about to make up their doctrinal differences. On the south¬ 
ern bank of the river Thakah of Jang is situated the temple called Husang 
Doi Lhakhang, built of stone by King RaZpachan, which contains many 
sacred objects besides an image of Husang Jovo. Lately a large piece 
of turquoise was obtained from the ground of this monastery. Rot very 
far to the east of Rawa Toi lies Nethang, which contains the temple built 
in the days of Atisha, that noble saint of undiminished glory, and his 
tomb and £ many blessings of his saintly heart.’ South of Nethang, on 
the south of U-chhu, is Sangphur, the seat of the learned Lochava of 
Ngog, called Legpai Sherab-khupon. There also exists the self-sprung 
image (in which are said to be visible the veins and muscles) of Ngog 
Lodan Sherab, as well as an image of Dharmapala with a wonderful 
buckler made of rhinoceros hide. 
In ancient time there existed a large congregation of the followers 
and pupils of Wu-tsha ; but since the rise and progress of the Sera and 
Dapung monasteries it has gradually declined, and now it contains a few 
householder priests of the Sakyapa school, although in summer many 
