1887.] 
from “ Dsam Ling Gyeshe .” 
9 
thim, which contains a miraculously written white letter A called A'yig 
karpo, and a triangular hollow black rock slab called the Lodon (or the 
petrified heart of PaZgom Lama,) from which faithful devotees take away 
chips. To the north of Khahu Jong there is a very lofty snowy range 
on the back of which is the district inhabited by a tribe of Hors called 
Toi Hor, said to be descended from Srinpo (cannibal hobgoblins). It is 
believed that if the snow of that mountain melt, great troubles and 
dangers will befall Tibet. The Sakya hierarchs, by the efficacy of their 
charms, are by degrees causing its snow to melt. This mountain is ex¬ 
tremely high. Beyond these snowy mountains exist many Dok tribes. 
These Lalo (Muhammadan people) are subject to Kasgar. 
After passing these, you arrive at tracts occupied by other Dokpa 
tribes, and the vast desert plain of Nyanam , where there is neither water, 
nor grass, nor vegetation. After crossing this desert plain you come to 
the district occupied by the Anchian tribe, a Muhammadan people, than 
whom none can do greater mischief to the cause of religion and peace. In 
ancient times, during the great dispute between Sakyapa and Digunpa 
monasteries, the latter invited the troops of Hasri Khan, the Lalo chief 
of Kasgar. In the war the Sakyapa attacked the enemy by marching 
along the side of the snowy mountains. Within the Yon Khang of 
Khahupa there are many bones and skulls, said to be the remains of those 
Lalo and Kasgar troops who fell in the battle. An account of this is to 
be found in the work Debther-nonpo. 
Lower down, to the east of the Nyanam desert, the tract is called 
Rongshar , to the east of which lies Ghhudu Tshogor and several other Yul- 
jong villages and towns. To the north of the famous monastery of Pal 
Sakya flows the river Tsangpo, on the bank of which stand Lha-rtse, 
Ngam-ring and Phun tsho^s-ling Jong, which all now belong to the 
Government of Tsang (&La-brang rGyal mtshan mthonpo). These con¬ 
tain many symbols and images of great sanctity, as well as Thopu 
Chyam-chhen chhorte?i constructed by Thopliu Lochava, a lofty clihorten 
erected by Dub-chhen (saint) Thanang, and the great temple built by 
Situ NamgyaZ-tagpa. Ngam-ring monastery, besides other religious 
institutions, is also a famous place of pilgrimage. The monastery of 
Phun-tsho-ling was built by Kun-khyen-jomo Nangpa (Jonangpa) after 
the model of the Buddhist temple of Sambhala. Phun-tsholino* Clilio- 
lung-chyang-tse and other monasteries in Upper Tsang were formerly the 
seats of the spiritual descendants of Rwa-va, who devoted their attention 
exclusively to the study of the Kala chakra, Vyakarana, and Vichara sys¬ 
tems of Buddhism. The Jonang'sect had its origin at Phuu-tsholing. This 
school being very different from other schools in its peculiar theories, 
was considered by its enemies to be a heretical innovation. Formerly 
