14 
[No. 1, 
Sarat Chandra Das —A brief account of Tibet 
monks bearing the title of Kahram, of Shar-tse Ta-tshang (Gahdan 
monastery), congregate there. 
In the valley of the Sangpha lies the little plain of Myanam, called 
Sangpliu mntig thang, after crossing which, if yon go to the north-east, 
yon come to a fort situated on a hill on the bank of the Kyichhu 
which in ancient time was the scene of many chivalrous exploits. Its 
chief obtained military honours at the hands of many kings such as Tab, 
Dwoorhpr, and Taiming. There is also the palace and fort of Neliu Jong, 
anciently the residence of king Situ Chyang Chhub GyaZtshan, of the 
Phagmodub dynasty,all of which are nowin ruins and resemble the abode 
of Tisa (gandharva). To the north of these, on the north bank of U- 
chhu, not at a great distance from them and on one side of a hill, lies 
the monastery of Khyormo Lung, which formerly was a place of impor¬ 
tance, being the head-quarters of the Tshan Nid school. Now-a-days it 
contains a few Gelugpa monks. North of this lies the large tract of 
land called Toilung, which contains the Toilun Chhu ssang monasteries 
belonging to the Gelugpa school, and several old religious establishments 
pertaining to the Kahgyupa school. It also holds the estates of Deba 
Kyi-shopa and his Jong called Toilung Dechhen Jong, and the monastery 
of Magyu Ta-tshang, near which is a fountain called Chhumig Lung 
which annually in summer is visited by hundreds of monks and priests. 
On the north of this district are the great monasteries of Tshur Phu and 
Yang pachen, the seats of the illustrious sage Karina Bakshi and his 
spiritual sons, which contain many sacred images and symbols. 
In former times these monasteries were very rich and famous, but 
subsequently some of the incarnate Karma Lamas, out of jealousy having 
tried to injure that immaculate school of Rivo Gelugpa which had adopted 
the stainless doctrines of the son of Ikshaku and Rathika (Buddha), they 
were doomed to fall. Again, being displeased with the conduct of 
Chhoidub Gya-tsho and other red cap Lamas, Emperor Chhing-Lung 
converted the monastery of Yangpachen into a Gelugpa institution. 
From the valley of Toilung, if you go a little to the north-east, there in 
the valley you find a religious establishment called Gahdong or Dova- 
clian, belonging to the Tshan ni <1 school, which has now become the 
residence of some householder priests. There also exist tho caverns 
where Tsongkhapa used to meditate and sit in yoga. 
To the east of this place lies Khing Dong kar, where there is a fort 
erected by Deba shi tso pa of Twang, close to which there are the buffaloes 
of Tam-chan Ohhoi gya/, t he monkey of tho goddess PaMan Mag dsonna, 
the bear of t he Demon Khotrapala, the buckler of Naehhung, and tho foot¬ 
steps of Khorsum carved on stone. Although there are different stories 
connected with the origin of these footsteps, yet the most reliable accounts 
