12 
Sarat Chandra Das —A brief account of Tibet 
[No. 1, 
To the south of Gyan-tse and Panam Lhnndnb-tse-Jong, after cross¬ 
ing a group of hills, you reach the district of Rhe (Sred), which contains 
the monastery of PaZdan Rhe Gyupai Tva-tshang and the Jong called 
Rhe Rinchhen-tse Jong and several villages which dot the banks of the 
river Rhe-clihu, There are also a few petty religious establishments, 
such as Ngorpa, &c., belonging to the Sakyapa school. To the ea-st of 
Rhe Nang (a part of Rhe district) lies the large village of Phollia, the 
birthplace of King Miwang Pholha, which contains several petty villages. 
To the south-west of Tashi-lhunpo, after crossing a range of lofty hills 
called Kyingkar-La, you reach the district of Tinkye Jong, which con¬ 
tains a fort with a prison (Tsan-Jong) and a monastery situated in the 
middle of a lake. To the south of this district, in the midst of the black 
mountainous region which intervenes between India and Tibet, lie the 
territories of Mon Dajong, called Sukhem (Sikkim) by the Indians. 
The Sukhem people, though speaking a dialect of Tibetan, mostly follow 
the customs and manners of the Indians. Directly to the south of Gyan- 
tse, after passing Khangmar and other places in three marches, and 
crossing a high mountain range, you reach Phagri Jong, an outpost of 
Gahdan Phodang (Lhasa Government). To the south-east of Phagri, 
not at a great distance from it, lie the territories of Lho duk (Bhutan). 
From Upper Nyang, after crossing Kharula and the minor groups 
of hills (which are personified as the Demon Kang-ssang and his retain¬ 
ers), one reaches the district of Yardok (Yam-do), which adjoins Phagri 
to the south. Yardok district contains Yardok-Yumtsho, one of the four 
great lakes of Tibet. In the winter season, from beneath the frozen depths 
of the lake, is constantly heard a thunder-like roar, which according to 
some is the cry of sea-lions, and according to others the roaring of the 
wind. The fish of this lake, though very small, arc all said to be of 
equal size. This is said to have been caused by the powerful charm of 
the sage Dukpa Kungah Legpa. The truth of this story is questioned. 
In Yardok there are three places of note, viz., Yardok Tnglung, 
Duk-Railing, and Samding. The last monastery, founded by Botongpa, 
is presided over by Dorjc Plmgmo. Beside it there arc some other reli¬ 
gious establishments of different schools. Now-a-days most of those have 
adopted the Ningrna theories. In Botongjm’s monastery the spiritual 
incarnation of Botong ehhoglog Nangya? continues, (t also contains an 
in carnal ion of Dor jo Nn/jorma ( Dorje Pliagmo). Not far from it are lho 
little towns of Pa/de .long and Nunkartso Jong. At Nankartse there is 
the monastary of (Itir, which contains a javelin used in subduing tho 
twelve enemies of Buddhism. Pilgrims see this juVolin. 'The Digumpas 
are related to have been one of the twelve* enemies mentioned al>ovo. 
The sage Potopa observed that the Piguinpaa did not deserve that 
opprobrium. 
